Бассейн Шилоах
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Бассейн Шилоах (иврит בריכת השילוח) (Брехат hа-Шилоах) - высеченный в скале бассейн на южном склоне Города Давида, старинное место в Иерусалиме, расположенное за пределами стен Старого города на юго-востоке. Бассейн питалась водами потока Гихон, проведенными туда по двум акведукам.
Содержание |
История
Бассейн Шилоах несколько раз упоминается в ТАНАХе. Исаия:8.06 упоминает о водах бассейна, в то время как Исаия:22.09 и далее - описывает строительство туннеля Хизкияhу. Для христиане бассейн имеет дополнительное значение, как это упомянуто в Евангелие от Иоанна как место, в которое Иисус Христос послал человека, слепого от рождения в процессе излечения.[1]
Существенно повторяющий Бассейн Шилоах соседний бассейн был построен в V веке при византийском правлении, как говорят, по приказу императрицы Аэлии Евдокии. Этот бассейн, заброшенный и оставленный разрушаться, частично сохранился до наших дней, окруженный высокой стеной из камней со всех сторон (за исключением арочного входа в туннель Хизкияhу - который был открыт только в XIX веке).
The lower pool
Ancient records report that during the Second Temple period, there was a lower pool. In the Autumn of 2004, Ir David Foundation workers, excavating for a sewer near the present-day pool, uncovered stone steps, and Ronny Reich and Eli Shukron (prominent archaeologists) were called in; it became obvious to them that these steps were likely to have been part of the Second Temple period pool. Excavations commenced and confirmed the initial supposition; the find was formally announced on August 9, 2005 and received substantial international media attention.[2][3] The pool is less than 70 yards from the edge of the Byzantine reconstruction of a pool previously thought to be the Siloam Pool. This small pool collected some of the water as it emptied there at the southern end of Hezekiah's tunnel. The water continued on through a channel into the recently discovered Pool of Siloam. The source of the water is from the Gihon Spring located at the northern end of Hezekiah's tunnel on the eastern side of the City of David. An ancient pool (Upper Pool) existed near the Gihon Spring but was no longer used after King Hezekiah redirected the waters to the western side of the city.[4]
The lower pool is not perfectly rectangular, but a soft trapezoid. There are three sets of five steps, two leading to a platform, before the bottom is reached, and it has been suggested that the steps were designed to accommodate various water levels. The pool is stone lined, but underneath there is evidence of an earlier version which was merely plastered (to help it retain water). Coins found within this plaster date from the time of Alexander Jannaeus (104—76 BC), while a separate collection of coins, dating from the time of the Great Revolt (AD 66—70), were also found.
How much of the pool and its surrounding structures were a result of monumental construction by Herod the Great is not yet understood (as of September 2006); nor is the relationship of this pool to the earlier one (i.e., why it was built when the earlier pool already existed). A portion of this pool remains unexcavated, as the land above it is owned by a nearby Greek Orthodox church and is occupied by an orchard known as the King's Garden (compare Шаблон:Bibleverse).
As a fresh water reservoir, it would have been a major gathering place for ancient Jews making religious pilgrimages to the city. The Gospel of John suggests that it was probably used as a mikvah (ritual bath),[5] although mikvahs are usually much smaller in size; if the pool were a mikvah, it would be the largest ever found, by a substantial margin.[6] It is thought that the current structure was originally the Shrine of the Four Nymphs (Tetranymphon), a nymphaeum built by Hadrian during the construction of Aelia Capitolina in 135,[7][8][9] and mentioned in Byzantine works such as the 7th century Chronicon Paschale; other nymphaeum built by Hadrian, such as that at Sagalassos, are very similar.[10]
См. также
- Tower of Siloam
Источники
- [Статья "Pool of Siloam" в английском разделе Википедии]
- Image and text of the Siloam inscription (Вид и текст надписи из Шилоаха)
- Hershel Shanks, "The Siloam Pool Where Jesus Cured the Blind Man", (Гершель Шанкс, "Бассейн Шилоах, где Иисус исцелил слепого") Biblical Archaeology Review:31:5 (September-October 2005), pp. 16-23. Click here for an abridged article in html or the full article in pdf format
- Pictures of the recently rediscovered Pool of Siloam (Фотографии недавно открытого Бассейн Шилоах) from holylandphotos.org
- The Drudge Report's article from the day the news was formally released can be found in the Drudge Report Archives (Статьи "Drudge Report" за тот день, новость была официально опубликована, можно найти в Архивах "Drudge Report")
Примечания
- ↑ Шаблон:Bibleverse
- ↑ Archaeologists identify traces of 'miracle' pool. Siloam Pool was where Jesus was said to cure blind, AP, Dec. 23, 2004 [1]
- ↑ Rossner, Rena. The once and future city (English quote=They have also discovered thousands of fish bones that, together with the bullae were found in an area that Reich and Shukran believe to be the Shiloah Pool, used as a ritual bath for the Temple Mount, and a tiled road which ends at the pool and has its origins near the Temple Mount. Ostensibly, this is the road that worshipers used to go back and forth between the Shiloah Pool and the Temple Mount.) (January 26, 2006). Проверено 15 ноября 2009.
- ↑ The City of David; revisiting early excavations; English translations of reports by Raymond Weill and L-H. Vincent/ notes and comments by Ronny Reich; edited by Hershel Shanks. Pages 197-227.
- ↑ Шаблон:Bibleverse
- ↑ James H. Charlesworth, quoted in Los Angeles Times, article: Biblical Pool Uncovered in Jerusalem, 9th August 2005
- ↑ Dave Winter, Israel handbook, (1999) p 180
- ↑ André Grabar, Martyrium, (1946), volume 1, page 193
- ↑ E. Wiegand, The Theodosian Monastery, (1929), volume 11, page 50-72
- ↑ for example, see this view
