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| - | | ДАТА СОЗДАНИЯ =24/07/2012
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| - | {{Persondata
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| - | | NAME =Martin, Victor
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| - | | DATE OF BIRTH = 19 January 1912
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| - | | DATE OF DEATH = 1989
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| - | '''Victor Martin''' ([[Bernissart|Blaton]], 19 January 1912 – November 1989) was a Belgian sociologist, alumnus of [[Louvain Catholic University]]. During [[World War II]] he embarked on a spying mission in [[Nazi Germany|Germany]] for the ''[[Front de l'Indépendance]]'' Belgian communist resistance organization, bringing back the first reliable information about the fate of [[History_of_the_Jews_in_Belgium#The_Holocaust|Jews deported to Germany]], as well as detailed information about the functioning of the [[Auschwitz concentration camp]].
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| - | [[File: Maison de Victor Martin a Blaton.jpg|thumb|House in which Victor Martin lived in [[:fr: Blaton|Blaton]], ([[Hainaut (province)|Hainaut province]], [[Belgium]]) ''One can distinguish near the upper part of the door, the memorial plate & in the foreground, the street sign.''<ref>The house is located in front of Blaton's train station</ref>]]
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| - | == Martin's operation ==
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| - | Martin, who possessed a [[doctorate]], had travelled in [[Switzerland]], [[France]] and Germany before the war, and his title given him access to a network of good contacts in German universities. As a member of the resistance and realizing that his mastery of the [[German language]] was a trump card, he proposed himself for a secret mission in enemy territory.
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| - | Martin's proposal was accepted, but the mission was different from what he had imagined; at the request of the official of the ''[[Comité de Défense des Juifs]]'' he was ordered to observe directly where the trains went which carried the deported Jews of Belgium. He manufactured a project researching the [[psychology]] of different [[social classes]] as cover. He obtained meetings with the [[sociologist]] [[Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie|Leopold von Wiese]] at [[Cologne]], and with another colleague at the [[University of Wrocław|University of Breslau]] (now [[Wrocław]] in [[Poland]]). The project was accepted by the occupier and he obtained permits to travel between [[Frankfurt]], [[Berlin]] and Breslau during the period of 4–20 February 1943.
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| - | At [[Katowice]], not far from [[Auschwitz]], Martin met workers from the ''[[Service du Travail Obligatoire]]'' in a bistro, who described to him the mass extermination of Jews and the incineration of their bodies. He met them again on several occasions. Betrayed to the ''[[Gestapo]]'', he was arrested and imprisoned on 1 April 1943 at the Radwitz camp, where he served as an interpreter. He escaped on the 15 May of the same year.
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| - | After secretly returning to Belgium, he wrote a report<ref>currently kept by the [[Yad Vashem]] Holocaust memorial</ref> to his resistance comrades in the ''Front de l'Indépendance'' who passed the results of his investigations on to London. News of his discoveries also circulated in Belgium, causing Jews to hide their children with the underground and to take flight.<ref>[[Andrée Geulen-Herscovici]], in ''1940-1945: Un combat pour la liberté'', cites Martin's report as a trigger for her operation to protect Jewish children.</ref>. Martin himself went underground in the [[Charleroi]] area. He was arrested by the ''[[Gestapo]]'', and transferred to [[Herzogenbusch concentration camp|Kamp Vught]] in the Netherlands. He escaped yet again, and was sheltered by his resistance comrades.
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| - | After the war, Martin worked overseas for the [[International Labour Organisation]]. He married and had a family, and retired to [[Haute-Savoie]] towards the end of the 1970s. He died in complete anonymity in 1989.
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| - | ==Additional bibliography and filmography==
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| - | *{{lang-fr|Bernard Krouck, Victor Martin, un résistant sorti de l'oubli, Brussels, Éditions Les Éperonniers, 1995 ISBN 978-2-87132-253-5}}
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| - | *{{lang-fr|Didier Roten (from the book by Bernard Krouck), La mission de Victor Martin, Les Films de la Mémoire, video, 55 minutes}} ([http://aphgcaen.free.fr/cercle/c15122001.htm summary], in French)
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| - | == См. также ==
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| - | * [[Карский, Ян|Ян Карский]]
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| - | == Источники ==
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| - | * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Martin Статья "Victor Martin" в английском разделе Википедии]
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| - | == Примечания ==
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| - | <references />
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| - | [[Category:Персоналии по алфавиту]]
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| - | [[Category:Антифашисты]]
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| - | [[Category:Холокост]]
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