Шуафат

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'''Shu'fat''' ({{lang-ar|شعفاط}}), also ''Shuafat'' and ''Sha'fat'', is a [[Palestinian people|Palestinian Arab]] neighborhood of [[East Jerusalem]], forming part of north-eastern [[Jerusalem]].<ref name=Kershner>{{cite news|title=Under a Divided City, Evidence of a Once United One|author=Isabel Kershner|date=June 5, 2007|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/05/world/middleeast/05jerusalem.html?pagewanted=all|accessdate=2008-01-29 | work=The New York Times}}</ref> Located on the old Jerusalem-[[Ramallah]] road about three miles north of the [[Old City (Jerusalem)|Old City]], Shuafat has a population of 35,000 residents. The Shuafat refugee camp, established in 1966, is located on the traditional lands of the town of Shuafat.<ref name=IrAmim>{{cite web|title=Jerusalem Neighborhood Profile: Shuafat Refugee Camp|publisher=Ir Amim|url=http://www.ir-amim.org.il/Eng/_Uploads/dbsAttachedFiles/ShuafatRefugeeCampEng(1).doc|month=August | year=2006|accessdate=2008-02-01|format=DOC}}</ref>

The place was known to the [[Canaanite language|Canaanite]]s and [[Crusade]]rs as ''Dersophath'';.<ref name=Shahinp334>{{cite book|author=Mariam Shahin|title=Palestine: A Guide|year=2005|publisher=[[Interlink Books]]|isbn=156656557X|page=334}}</ref><ref name=Pringle>{{cite book|title=Secular Buildings in the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: An Archaeological|author=Denys Pringle|page=94|year=1997|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn=0521460107|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=-_NbE5obqRMC&pg=PA94&dq=dersophath}}</ref>  Biblical identifications include [[Gebim]], a village in north Jerusalem whose inhabitants fled the approaching [[Assyria]]n army, according to the [[Book of Isaiah]],<ref name=Eerdmans>{{cite book|title=Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible|page=487|year=2000|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans|isbn=0802824005|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=qRtUqxkB7wkC&pg=PA487&dq=shuafat}}</ref> [[Mizpah in Benjamin]],<ref name=Conder3>C. R. Conder, ''Survey of Western Palestine'', Vol. III (1883) pp13-14.</ref> and [[Nob, Israel|Nob]].<ref>C. Geikie, ''The Holy Land and the Bible'' (1887), pp158–159.</ref> Shuafat has been the site of intermittent habitation since at least 2000 BCE,<ref name=Shahinp334/> and a number of ancient artifacts have been discovered there, including the remains of a [[Crusades|Crusader]] structure in the center of the village that was possibly a church.<ref name=Pringle/>

During an [[archaeology|archaeological]] salvage dig conducted near the Shuafat refugee camp in preparation for the laying of the tracks for the [[Jerusalem Light Rail]] system, the remains of an ancient Roman settlement, dating back to the Roman Empire were discovered. The settlement was described as a 'sophisticated community impeccably planned by the Roman authorities, with orderly rows of houses and two fine public bathhouses to the north.' The findings are said be the first indication of an active Jewish settlement in the area of Jerusalem after the city fell in 70 CE. The main indication that the settlement was a Jewish one is the assemblage of stone vessels found there. Such vessels, for food storage and serving, were only used by Jews because they were believed not to transmit impurity. Archaeologists believe stone basins discovered at the site were used to hold ashes from the destroyed [[Jewish Temple|Temple]].<ref name=Kershner/><ref name=Haaretz>{{cite web|title=Shuafat dig reveals first sign of Jewish life after destruction of Second Temple|author=Amiram Barkat|url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=664903|date=2 January 2006|accessdate=2008-02-01}}</ref>

The town of Shuafat was to be the most northernmost point of the [[Corpus separatum (Jerusalem)|''corpus separatum'' proposed in 1947 for Jerusalem and its surrounding villages]], which "in view of its association with three world religions" was to be "accorded special and separate treatment from the rest of Palestine and should be placed under effective United Nations control".<ref name=Waart>{{cite book|title=Dynamics of Self-Determination in Palestine: Protection of Peoples As a|author=Paul Jacob Ignatius Maria de Waart|page=216|year=1994|publisher=BRILL|isbn=9004082867|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=8bfkImTG1MgC&pg=PA216&dq=accorded+special+and+separate+treatment+from+the+rest+of+Palestine+and+should+be+placed+under+effective+United+Nations+control}}</ref>

After the [[1948 Arab-Israeli war]], Shuafat was occupied by [[Jordan]], which subsequently, in April 1950, unilaterally declared it had annexed the [[West Bank]] and [[East Jerusalem]]. Construction of the Shuafat refugee camp began in 1964 by the UN, to alleviate the crowded conditions in the [[Askar (camp)|Askar camp]].<ref>Meron Benvenisti, ''Jerusalem: The Torn City,'' Isratypeset, 1976, p.69</ref> Construction was completed in 1966. Upon completion, the [[International Committee of the Red Cross|Red Cross]], on orders of [[King Hussein]], transferred the Arab refugees, originally from [[Ashkelon]] and West Jerusalem, who had settled in the hovels of the burnt out Jewish Quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem, to the camp.<ref>[http://www.eastsidestory.ps/pdf-files/18BeyondTheWalEng18.doc Beyond the Wall, Ir Amim Report, January 2007]</ref><ref>Doson, Nandita and Sabbah, Abdul Wahad (editors) ''Stories from our Mothers'' (2010). ISBN 978 0 9956136 3 0. Pages 18/19. describes 500 people being moved from the Jewish Quarter/''Harat al-Sharaf''.</ref> According to David Bedein, the wholesale transfer was ordered because Jordan intended to undertake an Arab-style renovation of the Jewish Quarter, but the plan became obsolete when in the aftermath of the [[Six Day War]], the West Bank and East Jerusalem were occupied by Israel.<ref>http://israelbehindthenews.com/Oct-13-98.htm</ref>

The town of Shuafat and the refugee camp were subsequently annexed by Israel into the municipal area of Jerusalem,<ref name=Kershner/> though recently Prime Minister [[Ehud Olmert]] has questioned whether the annexation of areas like Shuafat into the Jerusalem area was necessary.<ref name=Ynet>{{cite web|title=Olmert hints at possible concessions in Jerusalem|date=October 15, 2007|accessdate=2008-02-01|publisher=[[Ynet]]|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3460183,00.html}}</ref> Residents of Shuafat were offered Israeli citizenship, but most refused it, considering themselves to be illegally occupied, though many accepted permanent residency status instead.<ref name=Kershner/>

Shuafat borders [[Pisgat Ze'ev]] and [[Beit Hanina]] on the north, Shuafat refugee camp from the east, [[French Hill]] on the south, and [[Ramot]] on the west.

Three stations of the First 'Red' Line of the Jerusalem Light Rail will be situated in Shuafat: Shuafat North, Shuafat Central and Shuafat South.<ref>[http://www.citypass.co.il/english/FirstLine4E.aspx Stations]</ref>

 

In a survey conducted as part of the research for the book ''Negotiating Jerusalem'' (2000), it was reported that 59% of Israeli Jews supported redefining the borders of the city of Jerusalem so as to exclude Arab settlements such as Shuafat, in order to ensure a "Jewish majority" in Jerusalem.<ref name=Segal>{{cite book|title=Negotiating Jerusalem|author=Jerome M. Segal|year=2000|publisher=SUNY Press|page=127|isbn=0791445372|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=fK80bHmpXSUC&pg=PA127&dq=shuafat#PPA127,M1}}</ref>

The neighbourhood’s [[Main Street]], Shuafat Road, was previously part of [[Highway 60 (Israel)|route 60]]. In the 1990s a new route was built to the east of the neighbourhood, a dual carriageway with 3 lines in each direction, relieving [[traffic congestion]] along the road.  The [[Jerusalem Light Rail]] has several stops in Shuafat.

<ref>{{Citation

* [[East Jerusalem]]

* [[List of places in Jerusalem]]

 

 

{{coord|31|48|55.00|N|35|13|48.00|E|type:city_region:PS|display=title}}

[[Category:Archaeological sites in the West Bank]]

*[http://www.unrwa.org/tags.php?tag_id=42 Shu'fat], articles from [[УНРА|UNWRA]]

{{Neighborhoods of Jerusalem}}