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- | | ДАТА СОЗДАНИЯ =26.04.2012
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- | }} {{Полуфабрикат}}
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- | {{Учёный
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- | | Имя = Давид Мильштейн
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- | | Оригинал имени = '''<big>דוד מילשטיין</big>'''
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- | | Подпись =
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- | | Дата рождения = 04.06.1947
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- | | Место рождения = [[Ульм]], [[Германия]]
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- | | Дата смерти =
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- | | Место смерти =
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- | | Гражданство = Израиль, США
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- | | Научная сфера = Органометаллическая химия
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- | | Место работы = [[Институт Вайцмана]]
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- | | Альма-матер = [[Еврейский университет в Иерусалиме]]
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- | | Научный руководитель =
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- | | Знаменитые ученики =
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- | | Известен как = Исследователь активации химических связей посредством металлов
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- | '''Давид Мильштейн''' (<big>'''דוד מילשטיין'''</big>, р. 4 июня 1947 г.) - [[израиль]]ский химик, широко известный своими исследованиями активации и функционализации очень сильных химических связей посредством металлов.
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- | == Биография ==
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- | Родился в 1947 г. в [[Ульм]]е, [[Германия]] в семье перемещённых лиц, выживших в [[Холокост]]е. В возрасте двух лет прибыл с семьёй в Израиль.
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- | Во время учёбы в школе в [[Реховот]]е увлёкся химией под влиянием учителя.<ref>The Skeptical Chymist (http://blogs.nature.com/thescepticalchymist/2008/09/reactions_david_milstein.html)</ref>
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- | Мильштейн получил степени бакалавра, магистра и доктора по химии в [[Еврейский университет в Иерусалиме|Еврейском университете в Иерусалиме]]. Он провел постдокторат в [[США]] в Университете штата Айова и Университета штата Колорадо. В 1979 году Мильштейн начал работать в Дюпоновском Центре научных исследований и разработок в Уилмингтоне, штат Делавэр, где стал руководителем группы в области гомогенного катализа. В 1987 году он занял академическую должность в [[Институт Вейцмана|Институте Вейцмана]] в Израиле, где он сейчас директор Киммелевского центра молекулярного конструирования и профессорской кафедры органической химии имени Исраэля Маца. | + | |
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- | ==Research==
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- | Milstein has authored Over 220 publications in peer-reviewed journals [http://apps.isiknowledge.com/summary.do?qid=1&product=WOS&SID=1ClAmHdB%40B2PO6AKI3D&search_mode=GeneralSearch ]. He and his coworkers have developed many group 8, 9, and 10 transition-metal complexes with specifically designed ligands that have proven useful to activate strong C-C, C-H, C-F, N-H, and O-H bonds.
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- | '''The C-C Bond'''
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- | While a postdoc, Milstein and his adviser, [[John Kenneth Stille]], discovered the [[Stille reaction]] for new [[carbon-carbon bond]] formation using a palladium catalyst to couple an organic halide with an organotin compound.<ref>Milstein, D.; Stille, J. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 3636 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Fja00479a077</ref> This reaction is considered a very useful method for new C-C bond formation and is now widely used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals.
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- | His subsequent research on the C-C bond includes a 1993 publication describing insertion of a rhodium complex into a strong C-C bond using a pincer-type substrate that helps draw the metal center to the hard-to-access C-C bond.<ref>Gozin et al. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v364/n6439/abs/364699a0.html</ref> This paper is considered a classic for establishing a general strategy for C-C activation in homogeneous systems.<ref>The Fall of the C-C Bond http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v364/n6439/abs/364676a0.html</ref> Milstein's research focused also on bonds between carbon and other elements. An example is his work on activation of the notoriously inert C-F bond in reactions of fluorinated benzenes with silanes or hydrogen using a rhodium [[catalyst]].<ref>Aizenberg and Milstein http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/265/5170/359</ref>
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- | '''New Route to Amide Synthesis'''
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- | Milstein had dealt in his research with N-H and O-H activation, inserting iridium complexes into the N-H bond of ammonia and the O-H bond of water and converting primary alcohols to esters with liberation of [[hydrogen]] using a pincer-type ruthenium catalyst.<ref>Zhang et al. http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ja059914h</ref>
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- | Using the same pincer-like ruthenium catalyst, Milstein and co-workers devised a new method for making [[amides]], based on coupling [[alcohols]] and [[amines]].<ref>Gunanathan, Ben David and Milstein http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/317/5839/790</ref> This research was selected by ''Science'' magazine as one of the top ten breakthroughs of 2007,<ref>BREAKTHROUGHS OF THE YEAR http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/318/5858/1844a</ref> being praised both for its cleanliness and selectivity, eschewing the harsh reagents and conditions usually required to make amides and creating H2 gas as the only by-product.
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- | '''Light-induced Water Splitting'''
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- | Discovery of an efficient artificial catalyst for the sunlight-driven splitting of water is a major goal of [[renewable energy]] research, as it would allow generation of energy-dense hydrogen without investment of electricity. Recently, Milstein and his co-workers have described a solution-phase reaction scheme that leads to the stoichiometric liberation of hydrogen and oxygen in consecutive thermal- and light-driven steps mediated by mononuclear, well-defined ruthenium complexes, in essence establishing a new light-driven water splitting strategy that does not require a sacrificial chemical in the process.<ref>Kohl et al. http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/324/5923/74</ref><ref>New way to split water http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/04/090406102555.htm</ref>
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- | ==Honors and awards==
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- | • 2012 [[Israel Prize]] Recipient in Chemistry and Physics
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- | • The [[Humboldt Research Award]] by the [[Alexander Von Humboldt]] Foundation, 2011
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- | • Fellow of the [[Royal Society of Chemistry]], 2010
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- | • The 2010 Royal Society of Chemistry [[Sir Geoffrey Wilkinson]] Award [http://www.rsc.org/ScienceAndTechnology/Awards/SirGeoffreyWilkinsonAward/2010Winner.asp]
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- | • The 2007 [[American Chemical Society]] Award in Organometallic Chemistry
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- | • Research selected by Science among the top 10 major scientific breakthroughs of the year 2007 [http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/318/5858/1844a]
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- | • The 2006 Israel Chemical Society Prize
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- | • Election to the [[German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina]], 2006
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- | • Miller Visiting Professor, Miller Institute, [[UC Berkeley]], spring 2006
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- | • The I.M. Kolthoff Prize in Chemistry, 2002 (awarded by [[Technion]], Israel Institute of Technology)
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- | • The Paolo Chini Memorial Award 1999 (awarded by the Italian Chemical Society)
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- | ==Major publications==
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- | • A general, selective, and facile method for ketone synthesis from acid chlorides and organotin compounds catalyzed by palladium, D. Milstein, J. K. Stille. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 100 (11), 3636 – 3638 (1978).
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- | • Activation of a carbon–carbon bond in solution by transition-metal insertion, M. Gozin, A. Weisman, Y. Ben-David, D. Milstein. Nature 364, 699 - 701 (1993).
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- | • Transfer of methylene groups promoted by metal complexation, M. Gozin, M. Aizenberg, S.-Y. Liou, A. Weisman, Y. Ben-David, D. Milstein, Nature 370, 42 - 44 (1994).
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- | • Catalytic activation of carbon-fluorine bonds by a soluble transition metal complex, M. Aizenberg, D. Milstein. Science 265, 359 – 361 (1994).
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- | • Impact of molecular order in Langmuir-Blodgett films on catalysis,K. Tollner, R. Popovitz-Biro, M. Lahav, D. Milstein, Science, 278, 2100 - 2102 (1997).
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- | • Facile conversion of alcohols into esters and dihydrogen catalyzed by new ruthenium complexes, J. Zhang, G. Leitus, Y. Ben-David, D. Milstein. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127, 10840 − 10841 (2005).
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- | • Direct synthesis of amides from alcohols and amines with liberation of H2, C. Gunanathan, Y. Ben-David, D. Milstein Science 2007, 317, 790 - 792 (2007).
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- | • Evidence for a terminal Pt(IV)-oxo complex exhibiting diverse reactivity, E. Poverenov, I. Efremenko, A. I. Frenkel, Y. Ben-David, L. J. W. Shimon, G. Leitus, L. Konstantinovski, J. M. L. Martin, D. Milstein, Nature 455, 1093 - 1096 (2008)
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- | • Consecutive thermal H2 and light-induced O2 evolution from water promoted by a metal complex, S. W. Kohl, L. Weiner, L. Schwartsburd, L. Konstantinovski, L. J. W. Shimon, Y. Ben-David, M. A. Iron, D. Milstein, Science,324, 74-77 (2009).
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- | [[Category:Лауреаты государственной премии Израиля]]
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- | [[Category:German emigrants to Israel]]
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- | [[Category:Weizmann Institute faculty]]
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- | == Личная жизнь ==
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- | Родителей Мильштейна звали Муся и Авраам. У него была старшая сестра Лия.
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- | В 1971 году он женился. Жену зовут Ади, у них трое детей: Нотиф (р. 1972), Орен (р. 1976) и Абраhам (р.1983).
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- | Он живёт в [[Реховот]]е.
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- | == Источники и ссылки ==
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- | * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Milstein Статья "David Milstein" из английской Википедии]
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- | == Примечания ==
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- | {{Reflist}}
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- | [[Category:Химики Израиля]]
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- | [[Category:Учёные Израиля]]
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- | [[Category:Учёные по алфавиту]]
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- | [[Category:Персоналии по алфавиту]]
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