Розенталь, Абраhам Майкл

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|имя              = Абраhам Майкл Розенталь
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|оригинал имени  = Rosenthal, Abraham Michael
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|описание        = Абраhам Майкл Розенталь, фото с сайта [http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?GRid=15008766&page=gr Find a grave]
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|род деятельности = Писатель, редактор, колумнист
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|дата рождения    = 2.05.1922
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|дата смерти      = 10.05.2006
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'''Abraham Michael "A.M." Rosenthal''' (May 2, 1922 &ndash; May 10, 2006), born in [[Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario|Sault Ste. Marie]], [[Ontario]], [[Canada]], was a ''[[New York Times]]'' executive editor (1977–88) and columnist (1987–1999) and ''[[New York Daily News]]'' columnist (1999–2004). He joined the ''New York Times'' in 1943 and worked for the ''Times'' for 56 years - from 1943 to 1999. Rosenthal won a [[Pulitzer Prize]] in 1960 for international reporting.<ref name="Obit">{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/11/nyregion/11rosenthal.html?pagewanted=print|title=A. M. Rosenthal, Editor of The Times, Dies at 84 |date=May 11, 2006|first=Robert|last=McFadden|newspaper=The New York Times|authorlink=Robert McFadden}}</ref> As an editor at the newspaper, Rosenthal oversaw the coverage of a number of major news stories including the [[Vietnam war]], the [[Pentagon Papers]], and the [[Watergate scandal]].
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==Early years==
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Rosenthal was born on May 2, 1922, in Sault Ste. Marie, [[Ontario]] to a family of [[Jewish]] descent. His father was a farmer named Harry Shipiatsky who [[emigrated]] to Canada in the 1890s and changed his name to Rosenthal. His father worked as a fur trapper and trader around [[Hudson Bay]], where he met and married Sarah Dickstein.<ref name="Obit"/>
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Rosenthal was the youngest of six children. When he was still a child, his family moved to the [[Bronx, New York]], where Rosenthal's father found work as a house painter. During the 1930s, though, tragedy would hit the family, with Rosenthal's father dying in a job accident and four of his siblings dying from various causes. Rosenthal developed the bone-marrow disease [[osteomyelitis]], causing him extreme pain.<ref name="Obit"/> After several operations Rosenthal recovered enough to attend public schools in [[New York]] and attend [[City College of New York|City College]]. In 1943, while at City College, he became the campus correspondent for ''The New York Times''. In 1944, he became a staff reporter.
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According to his son, [[Andrew Rosenthal]], Rosenthal was a member of the Communist Party youth league briefly as a teenager in the late 1930s.<ref>[http://www.radaronline.com/features/2007/11/andrew_rosenthal_abe_rosenthal_new_york_times_1.php "My Father, The Communist", November 2007, accessed November 6, 2007, page 2.]</ref>
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== International reporting and Pulitzer Prize==
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As a foreign correspondent for the ''New York Times'', Rosenthal spent a number of years overseas. In 1954, he was assigned to [[New Delhi]] and reported from across South Asia. His writings from this time were honored by the Overseas Press Club and [[Columbia University]].<ref name="Obit"/> In 1958, the ''New York Times'' transferred him to [[Warsaw]], where he reported on [[Poland]] and [[Eastern Europe]]. In 1959 Rosenthal was expelled from Poland dispatch after writing that the Polish leader, [[Władysław Gomułka]], was "moody and irascible" and had been "let down—by intellectuals and economists he never had any sympathy for anyway, by workers he accuses of squeezing overtime out of a normal day's work, by suspicious peasants who turn their backs on the government's plans, orders and pleas."<ref name="Obit"/>
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Rosenthal's expulsion order stated that the reporter had "written very deeply and in detail about the internal situation, party and leadership matters. The Polish government cannot tolerate such probing reporting." For his reporting from Eastern Europe and Poland, Rosenthal won a [[Pulitzer Prize]] in 1960 for international reporting.<ref name="Obit"/>
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== Editorial coverage of stories ==
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In 1969, Rosenthal became [[managing editor]] of the ''New York Times'' with overall command of the paper's news operations.<ref name="Obit"/> During the 1970s he directed coverage of a number of important news stories, including the [[Vietnam war]] and the [[Watergate scandal]].
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Rosenthal reportedly played a decisive role in the paper's decision to publish the [[Pentagon Papers]] in 1971.<ref name="Obit"/> Because this secret government history of the Vietnam War was [[Classified information]], publication of the papers could have led to charges of [[treason]], lawsuits, or even jail time for paper staff.<ref name="Obit"/> Rosenthal pushed for publishing the papers (along with Time's reporter [[Neil Sheehan]] and publisher [[Arthur Ochs Sulzberger]]). The [[Richard Nixon|Nixon]] administration sued to stop publication, resulting in a [[Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court]] decision upholding the right of the press to publish items without "prior restraint" on the part of the government.<ref name="Obit"/>
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==Editorial policy and political views==
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Columnist [[Wesley Pruden]] said this about Rosenthal's editorial policy:<blockquote>Like all good editors, Abe was both loved and loathed, the former by those who met his standards, the latter mostly by those who couldn't keep the pace he set as City Editor, Managing Editor and finally Executive Editor. He brooked no challenges to his authority. He once told a reporter who demanded to exercise his rights by marching in a street demonstration he was assigned to cover: "OK, the rule is, you can [make love to] an elephant if you want to, but if you do you can't cover the circus." We call that "the Rosenthal rule."<ref>[http://www.washtimes.com/national/20060511-112554-8132r.htm "Just the circus, and no elephants"] by Wesley Pruden, The Washington Times, May 12, 2006, accessed May 17, 2006.</ref></blockquote>
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Writer [[Mark Hertsgaard]] cited the Times as having the [[Iran Contra]] story a year before it broke (in November 1986) but wrote that Rosenthal killed the story because of his support for [[Ronald Reagan]].
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Rosenthal supported the [[2003 invasion of Iraq]] and openly suggested that the [[United States|U.S.]] should give [[Afghanistan]], [[Iraq]], [[Iran]], [[Libya]], [[Syria]] and [[Sudan]] an [[ultimatum]] that orders these countries to deliver documents and information related to [[weapons of mass destruction]] and terrorist organizations. Otherwise, "in the three days the terrorists were considering the American ultimatum, the residents of the countries would be urged 24 hours a day by the U.S. to flee the capital and major cities, because they would be bombed to the ground beginning the
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fourth day."<ref>[http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/nydailynews/80623974.html?did=80623974&FMT=ABS&FMTS=FT&date=Sep+14%2C+2001&author=A.M.+ROSENTHAL&pub=New+York+Daily+News&desc=HOW+THE+U.S.+CAN+WIN+THE+WAR A.M. Rosenthal: How the U.S. can win the war], New York Daily News. September 14, 2001</ref>
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Rosenthal was reportedly [[homophobic]], with his views supposedly affecting how the ''New York Times'' covered issues regarding gay people (such as [[AIDS]]).<ref name="TruthDig">[http://www.truthdig.com/report/item/20060516_larry_gross_abe_rosenthal_homophobia/ "Larry Gross: Abe Rosenthal's Reign of Homophobia at The New York Times"] by Larry Gross, Truthdig, May 16, 2006, accessed May 17, 2006.</ref> According to former ''New York Time''s journalist Charles Kaiser, "Everyone below Rosenthal (at the ''New York Times'') spent all of their time trying to figure out what to do to cater to his prejudices. One of these widely perceived prejudices was Abe’s homophobia. So editors throughout the paper would keep stories concerning gays out of the paper."<ref name="TruthDig"/>
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Although Rosenthal was known as a ''Times'' correspondent in Poland, India, and Japan, the "On My Mind" column which he wrote for the Op-Ed page after stepping down as executive editor, was often not well received. According to ''[[Spy]]'' magazine, ''Times'' staffers privately retitled the column "I, Rosenthal" because of its author's frequent references to himself therein. Partly for this reason, ''Spy'' frequently used the locution "Abe 'I'm Writing as Bad as I Can' Rosenthal". {{Citation needed|date=July 2011}}
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==Awards and honors==
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Rosenthal was a Pulitzer Prize winner for international reporting.
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He was a recipient of The International Center in New York's Award of Excellence.
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==Death==
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[[Image:Rosenthal 800.jpg|thumb|The headstone of A.M Rosenthal in [[Westchester Hills Cemetery]]]]
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[[Image:Rosenthal epitaph 800.jpg|thumb|The epitaph of A.M. Rosenthal]]
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A.M. Rosenthal died in Manhattan on May 10, 2006, eight days after his 84th birthday. He is interred in [[Westchester Hills Cemetery]] in [[Hastings-on-Hudson]], N.Y. An interesting epitaph is inscribed on his grave marker: ''"He kept the paper straight."''
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==Titles at the ''New York Times''==
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*1943-1945—General assignment reporter: New York.
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*1945-1954—Reporter: [[United Nations]].
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*1954-1967—Foreign correspondent: [[India]], [[Pakistan]], [[Nepal]], [[Afghanistan]], [[Sri Lanka|Ceylon]], [[New Guinea]], [[Vietnam]], [[Switzerland]], [[Poland]], [[Africa]] and [[Japan]].
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*1963-1967—Metropolitan editor.
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*1967-1968—Assistant managing editor.
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*1968-1969—Associate managing editor.
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*1970-1977—Managing editor.
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*1977-January 1, 1988—Executive editor.
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*1988-1999—Columnist.
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==Awards==
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*[[Pulitzer Prize]] for International Reporting (1960)
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*The [[Elijah P. Lovejoy|Elijah Parish Lovejoy]] Award
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*An honorary [[Doctor of Laws]] degree from [[Colby College]]
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*The [[Light of Truth Award]] (1994)
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*The [[Guardian of Zion Award]] (1999)
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*The [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]] (2002)
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== Источники и ссылки ==
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* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A.M._Rosenthal Статья "A.M. Rosenthal" из английского раздела Википедии]
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===Некрологи===
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* [http://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/11/nyregion/11rosenthal.html?ei=5090&en=5466a17806a0e76d&ex=1305000000&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss&pagewanted=all  "A. M. Rosenthal, Editor of The Times, Dies at 84"], [[The New York Times]], May 11, 2006 and video (4:48 min.)
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* [http://www.observer.com/20060515/20060515_Charles_Kaiser_pageone_newsstory4.asp Obituary by Charles Kaiser], former NY Times reporter
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* [http://www.cbc.ca/world/story/2006/05/10/rosethal05102006.html "A.M. Rosenthal, who reshaped the Times, dies in NYC"], [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|CBC]], May 11, 2006
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* [http://www.washtimes.com/national/pruden.htm "Just the circus, and no elephants"], ''[[Washington Times]]'', editorial with Rosenthal anecdotes
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* [http://www.slate.com/id/2141630/ "A.M. Rosenthal (1922-2006). Ugly genius"], ''[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]'', May 11, 2006
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=== Книги Розенталя и Артура Гелба ===
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* ''One More Victim: The Life and Death of a Jewish Nazi. (Ещё одна жертва: жизнь и смерть еврейского нациста)'' New York: The New American Library, 1967.Rosenthal, A.M. (1964).
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* ''Thirty-Eight Witnesses: The Kitty Genovese Case. (Тридцать восемь свидетелей: дело Китти Дженовезе)'' University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21527-3.
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=== Статьи Розенталя ===
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* [http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/nydailynews/80623974.html?did=80623974&FMT=ABS&FMTS=FT&date=Sep+14%2C+2001&author=A.M.+ROSENTHAL&desc=HOW+THE+U.S.+CAN+WIN+THE+WAR "How the U.S. Can Win the War (Как США могут победить в войне?)", September 14, 2001]
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* [http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/nydailynews/82252290.html?did=82252290&FMT=ABS&FMTS=FT&date=Sep+28%2C+2001&author=A.M.+ROSENTHAL&desc=GET+THE+TALIBAN+%26+SADDAM%2C+TOO "Get the Taliban & Saddam, Too (Получите Талибан и Саддама тоже)", September 28, 2001]
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== Примечания ==
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<div class="references-small">
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<references />
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</div>
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[[Category:Евреи в США/Канаде]]
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[[Category:Публицисты США]]
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[[Category:Персоналии по алфавиту]]
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[[Category:Черновые материалы для работы]]
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  1. redirect ej:Розенталь, Абраhам Майкл
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