Вук, Герман

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#redirect [[:ej:Вук, Герман]]
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|АВТОР1=Л.Гроервейдл
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|ДАТА СОЗДАНИЯ=10/11/2011
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}}{{Начало_работы}}
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{{Персона
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|имя              = Ѓерман Воук
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|оригинал имени  = Herman Wouk
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|портрет          = Herman_Wouk.jpg
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|размер          = 250px
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|описание        = Ѓерман Воук в [[Иерусалим]]е, 1955 год
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|род деятельности = Прозаик, журналист
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|дата рождения    = 27.05.1915
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|место рождения  = [[Нью-Йорк]]
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|гражданство      = [[США]]
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|дата смерти      =
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|место смерти    =
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|отец            =
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|мать            =
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|супруга          = Бетти Сара Браун (1945-2011, год её смерти)
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|дети            = Джозеф Воук, Натаниэль Воук
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|награды и премии = Пулитцеровская премия
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'''Ѓерман Воук''' (Herman Wouk; род. 27 мая 1915 г. в [[Нью-Йорк]]е) - американский писатель, лауреат Пулитцеровской премии, автор романов, в т.ч. "Мятеж Каина", "Ветры войны" и "Война и память"
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==Biography==
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Herman Wouk was born in New York City into a Jewish family that had emigrated from Russia.  After a childhood and adolescence in the Bronx and a high school diploma from [[Townsend Harris High School]], he earned a [[Bachelor of Arts|B.A.]] from [[Columbia University]] in 1934, where he was a member of the [[Pi Lambda Phi]] fraternity <ref name="2010directory">Membership Directory, 2010, Pi Lambda Phi Inc.</ref> and studied under philosopher [[Irwin Edman]]. Soon thereafter, he became a radio dramatist, working in [[David Freedman]]'s "Joke Factory" and later with [[Fred Allen]] for five years and then, in 1941, for the United States government, writing radio spots to sell [[war bond]]s.  He lived a fairly secular lifestyle in his early 20s before deciding to return to a more traditional Jewish way of life, modeled after his grandfather, in his mid-20s.  From that day to the present, Wouk has commenced each day of his life with a reading of Scripture in Hebrew{{Citation needed|date=October 2008}}.
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Wouk joined the [[United States Navy]] and served in the [[Pacific Ocean theater of World War II|Pacific Theater]],  an experience he later characterized as educational; "I learned about machinery, I learned how men behaved under pressure, and I learned about Americans."  Wouk served as an officer aboard two destroyer [[Minesweeper (ship)|minesweeper]]s (DMS), the [[USS Zane (DD-337)|USS ''Zane'']] and [[USS Southard|USS ''Southard'']], becoming [[executive officer]] of the latter. He started writing a novel, ''[[Aurora Dawn]]'',<ref>Originally titled by Wouk as ''Aurora Dawn; or, The True history of Andrew Reale, containing a faithful account of the Great Riot, together with the complete texts of Michael Wilde's oration and Father Stanfield's sermon''.</ref> during off-duty hours aboard ship.  Wouk sent a copy of the opening chapters to [[Irwin Edman]] who quoted a few pages verbatim to a New York editor.  The result was a publisher's contract sent to Wouk's ship, then off the coast of [[Okinawa]].  The novel was published in 1947 and became a [[Book of the Month Club]] main selection. His second novel, ''[[City Boy: The Adventures of Herbie Bookbinder|City Boy]]'', proved to be a commercial disappointment at the time of its initial publication in 1948; perhaps, as Wouk once claimed, it was swept away by the excitement over [[Norman Mailer]]'s bestselling World War II novel ''[[The Naked and the Dead]]''.
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While writing his next novel, Wouk read each chapter as it was completed to his wife, who remarked at one point that if they didn't like this one, he'd better take up another line of work (a line he would give to the character of the editor Jeannie Fry in his 1962 novel ''[[Youngblood Hawke]]'').  The novel, ''[[The Caine Mutiny]]'' (1951), went on to win the [[Pulitzer Prize]].  A huge best-seller, drawing from his wartime experiences aboard minesweepers during World War II, ''The Caine Mutiny'' was adapted by the author into a Broadway play called ''[[The Caine Mutiny Court Martial]]'', and was later made into a film, with Humphrey Bogart portraying [[Captain Queeg|Lt. Commander Philip Francis Queeg]], captain of the fictional USS ''Caine''.  Some Navy personnel complained at the time that Wouk had taken every twitch of every commanding officer in the Navy and put them all into one character, but Captain Queeg has endured as one of the great characters in American fiction.
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He married Betty Sarah Brown in 1945, with whom he had three sons: Abraham, Nathanial, and Joseph.  He became a fulltime writer in 1946 to support his growing family. His first-born son, Abraham Isaac Wouk, died in a tragic accident as a child; Wouk later dedicated ''[[War and Remembrance]]'' (1978) to him with the Biblical words, "He will destroy death forever."
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In 1998, Wouk received the [[Guardian of Zion Award]].  He lives in [[Palm Springs, California]]; his wife died in that city on March 17, 2011.<ref name="LATobit">Betty Sarah Wouk obituary ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'', March 23, 2011; page AA5.</ref>
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==Writing==
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[[File:HWouk.jpg|thumb|Herman Wouk in 2010 at the [[Los Angeles Times]] Festival of Books.]]
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Experts{{Citation needed|date=June 2010}} have described ''The Caine Mutiny'' as one of the best depictions of daily life aboard a US ship during the Second World War.
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His novels after ''The Caine Mutiny'' include ''[[Marjorie Morningstar (novel)|Marjorie Morningstar]]'' (1955), ''[[Youngblood Hawke]]'' (1962), and ''[[Don't Stop the Carnival (novel)|Don't Stop the Carnival]]'' (1965).  In 1956 he published in [[paperback]] the novel ''[[Slattery's Hurricane]]'', which he had written in 1948 as the basis for the screenplay for the film of the same name. Wouk's first work of non-fiction was 1959's ''[[This is My God: The Jewish Way of Life|This is My God]]'', an
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explanation of [[Orthodox Judaism]]. 
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In the 1970s, Wouk published his two most ambitious novels, ''[[The Winds of War]]'' (1971) and ''[[War and Remembrance]]'' (1978).  He described the latter, which included a devastating depiction of the Holocaust, as "the main tale I have to tell."  Both were made into hugely popular TV miniseries.  Although they were made several years apart, both were directed by [[Dan Curtis]] and both starred [[Robert Mitchum]] as Captain Victor "Pug" Henry, the main character. 
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The novels are historical fiction. [[Henry Kissinger]] described them at one point as "the war itself."  Each has three layers:  the story told from the viewpoint of Captain Henry; a more or less straightforward historical account of the events of the war, and an analysis by a member of Hitler's military staff, the insightful fictional General Armin von Roon.
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Wouk devoted "thirteen years of extraordinary research and long, arduous composition" to these two novels.  "The seriousness with which Wouk has dealt with the war can be seen in the prodigious amount of research, reading, travel and conferring with experts, the evidence for which is to be found in the uncataloged boxes [of his papers] at Columbia University." <ref>Beichman, Arnold, ''Herman Wouk: The Novelist as Social Historian'' 77, 81 (Transaction Books 1984, ISBN 0-87855-498-X).</ref>
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==Library of Congress==
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Wouk has kept a personal diary since the 1930s. On September 10, 2008, Wouk formally presented the Library of Congress with his journals, now numbering over 90 volumes, in a ceremony which honored him with the first Library of Congress Award for Lifetime Achievement in the Writing of Fiction.
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Wouk often referred to his journals to check dates and facts in his writing, and he was hesitant to let the originals out of his personal possession. A solution was arrived at: a scanning service bureau was selected to [[Image scanner|scan]] the entire set of volumes into digital formats.<ref>[http://www.twinimaging.com/news.html Twin Imaging Technology preserves personal journals for Pulitzer Prize author, Herman Wouk].</ref>
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== Избранные произведения ==
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* ''[[Aurora Dawn]]'' (1947)
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* ''[[The Lomokome Papers]]'' (1947) (see )
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* ''[[City Boy: The Adventures of Herbie Bookbinder]]'' (1948)
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* ''[[The Traitor (1949 play)]]''
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* ''[[The Caine Mutiny]]'' (1951)
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* ''[[A Modern Primitive]]'' (1952 Unpublished Play)
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* ''[[The Caine Mutiny Court-Martial]]'' (1953 play)
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* ''[[Marjorie Morningstar (novel)|Marjorie Morningstar]]'' (1955)
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* ''[[Slattery's Hurricane]]'' (1956)
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* ''[[Nature's Way (play)|Nature's Way]]'' (1957 play)
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* ''[[This is My God: The Jewish Way of Life]]'' (1959, revised ed. 1973) (non-fiction)
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* ''[[Youngblood Hawke]]'' (1961)
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* ''[[Don't Stop the Carnival (novel)|Don't Stop the Carnival]]'' (1965)
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* ''[[The Lomokome Papers]]'' (1968)
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* ''[[The Winds of War]]'' (1971)
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* ''[[War and Remembrance]]'' (1978)
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* ''[[Inside, Outside]]'' (1985)
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* ''[[The Hope (novel)|The Hope]]'' (1993)
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* ''[[The Glory]]'' (1994)
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* ''[[The Will to Live on: The Resurgence of Jewish Heritage]]'' (2000)
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* ''[[A Hole in Texas]]'' (2004)
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* ''[[The Language God Talks]]'' (2010)
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[[Category:American Orthodox Jews]]
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[[Category:American Jews]]
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[[Category:Jewish American novelists]]
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[[Category:American people of Russian-Jewish descent]]
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== Источники и ссылки ==
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* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Wouk Статья "Herman Wouk" в английском разделе Википедии]
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{{wikiquote}}
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* [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,893076-1,00.html "Books: The Wouk Mutiny", ''Time'' Magazine cover story, September 5, 1955]
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* [http://c250.columbia.edu/c250_celebrates/remarkable_columbians/herman_wouk.html  Columbia 250: Herman Wouk]
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* [http://findingaids.cul.columbia.edu/ead//nnc-rb/ldpd_4079503 Herman Wouk Papers]
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* [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0941883/ Herman Wouk]
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== Литература ==
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* Barbara A. Paulson, ed., ''The Historical Novel: A Celebration of the Achievements of Herman Wouk'' (1999)
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* Arnold Beichman, ''Herman Wouk: The Novelist as Social Historian'' (1984)
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* Laurence W. Mazzeno, ''Herman Wouk'' (1994)
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== Примечания ==
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{{Reflist}}
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[[Category:Еврейские писатели]]
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[[Category:Персоналии по алфавиту]]
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[[Category:Евреи в США/Канаде]]
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[[Category:Писатели по алфавиту]]
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[[Category:Черновые материалы для работы]]
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  1. redirect ej:Вук, Герман
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