Шарп, Марта

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#redirect [[:ej:Шарп, Марта]]
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| ДАТА СОЗДАНИЯ  =19.10.2011
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}}{{Начало_работы}}
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{{Персона
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|имя              = Марта Ингхэм Дики Шарп-Коган
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|оригинал имени  = Martha Ingham Dickie Sharp-Cogan
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|портрет          = MarthaSharp.JPG
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|размер          = 300px
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|описание        = Марта Шарп. Фото с [http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10007198 сайта Американского мемориального музея Холокоста].
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|имя при рождении =
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|род деятельности = Социальный работник
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|дата рождения    = 1905
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|место рождения  =
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|гражданство      = США
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|подданство      =
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|дата смерти      = 1999
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|мать            =
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|супруг          = [[Шарп, Вэйтстилл |Вэйтстилл  Шарп]]
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|супруга          = 
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|награды и премии = Медаль [[Праведник мира]] в 2006 году.
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<!-- '''Martha Ingham Dickie Sharp-Cogan''' (1905–1999) was an [[United States|American]] [[philanthropist]] who, along with her husband [[Waitstill Sharp]], helped hundreds of [[Jews]] to escape Nazi persecution by sending them off through [[Czechoslovakia]] 
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==Social Work==
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She attended [[Pembroke College (Brown University)|Pembroke College]], the [[women's college]] of [[Brown University]], and later studied in the field of [[social worker|Social Work]] at [[Northwestern University]]’s Recreation Training School centered in [[Hull House]], a Chicago settlement. When her training was complete, she earned the position Director of Girls’ Work where she acted as social worker to over 500 girls. Her devotion to service and helping others is often cited as the reason she entered the field.
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In 1927, she married Waitstill Hastings Sharp taking temporary leave, although she would never return to the profession. The two lived in [[Wellesley, Massachusetts]].
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When Waitstill was ordained a [[Unitarianism|Unitarian]] minister in 1933, he was assigned to a small church in [[Meadville, Pennsylvania]] where his wife followed. She acted almost as a second minister, organizing most of the youth work, education activities, and women's meetings, as well as church suppers. As her husband was often difficult to talk to, church members would go to Martha, who was always happy to lend an ear.<ref>[http://www.harvardsquarelibrary.org/unitarians/cogan.html]</ref>
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==Foreign Affairs==
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Watching the events of early-[[World War II]] unfold in [[Europe]], she and her husband started an "International Relations Club". In November 1938, following the [[Munich Pact]] which ceded the [[Sudetenland]] to [[Adolf Hitler|Hitler]], the Sharps led a discussion titled "The Rape of Czechoslovakia."
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Dr. [[Robert Dexter]], head of the Department of Social Relations for the Executive Committee of the AUA, along with Quaker representative Richard Wood traveled to Europe to start contacts in [[Geneva]], [[London]] and Paris, to create a network of relief workers and sympathetic politicians. In November 1938, they sent back a report that over 20,000 people would need immediate emigration assistance.  Under Dexter's leadership, a temporary committee was formed to help endangered refugees and in May 1940, the organization was official founded as the Unitarian Service Committee.
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Martha and Waitstill Sharp were recruited to work in Czechoslovakia, where a large community of Unitarians were present under the leadership of [[Norbert Capek]]. Later Martha and Waitstill recalled grave misgivings about leaving their children of seven and two, but they were convinced they would be well taken care of living with family friends inside the parsonage. Their church would be headed by Everett Baker in their absence, and they headed for London on 4 February 1939.  On 14 March 1939, the Nazis were quickly advancing on Prague, but the Sharps decided to remain and continue their program, which was the most significant private American effort on behalf of endangered refugees in Czechoslovakia. In Prague, the Sharps worked closely with members of the [[American Friends Service Committee]] to advance refugees' visa applications to Great Britain and elsewhere.  Along with Waitstill, Martha administered a relief program after seeking advice from Alice [[Masaryk]] and other prominent Czechs.<ref>Susan Elisabeth Subak, ''Rescue and Flight: American Relief Workers who Defied the Nazis'', University of Nebraska Press, 2010.http://www.amazon.com/Rescue-Flight-American-Relief-Workers/dp/0803225253Susan</ref> On one occasion, Martha Sharp escorted 35 refugees, ranging from politicians to children whose parents had committed suicide, to [[Great Britain]]. On a different occasion, she arranged for children to leave in accordance with local narrowing-law, by the "Care of Children from Germany", a British organization. In the summer, the [[Gestapo]], closed their offices, but Martha continued until August, and stopped only after learning that she faced arrest.
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In May 1940, the president of the A.U.A., Frederick Eliot and USC's director, Robert Dexter asked Martha and Waitstill to go to France as their "[[Ambassador|ambassadors extraordinary]]", to which the Sharps gladly agreed again.  The plan for a Paris office was canceled because France surrendered to the Nazis that Spring.  Instead, the Sharps set up an office in neutral Portugal [[Lisbon]].
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From the base of their office in Lisbon, Martha and Waitstill were able to help a number of Jewish children and several prominent Jewish intellectuals to escape Vichy France, including the German-Jewish [[novelist]] [[Lion Feuchtwanger]].  Working with Donald Lowrie of the World [[YMCA]] Martha also provided assistance to the families of Czech soldiers who were stranded in France and were hoping to use a sea route for escape. At the end of her 1940 posting in Europe, Martha escorted 27 children and 10 adults to America.<ref>Susan Elisabeth Subak, ''Rescue and Flight: American Relief Workers who Defied the Nazis,'' University of Nebraska Press, 2010.</ref>
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In 1943, Martha founded "Children to Palestine," with support from the Jewish women's organization [[Hadassah]]. In this new role, Martha raised money for orphaned Jewish youth in Europe to start new lives in Palestine.  In 1944, Martha returned to Lisbon, assuming the position of Associate European Director of the Unitarian Service Committee.  In that capacity, she successfully negotiated the release of a number of Spanish refugees imprisoned in Portugal.
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==Post World War II==
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In 1950, Martha accepted a position in the [[National Security Resources Board]], which would mobilize resources in the event of a [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] attack. She resigned as President [[Dwight Eisenhower]] was inaugurated, and moved back to New York. By then, her marriage with Waitstill had degraded, and the two mutually separated, believing the hardships they'd gone through during World War II were just too much. She eventually remarried, and took the name Cogan.
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Martha Sharp died in 1999, at the age of 94. She is survived by her daughter, [[Martha Sharp Joukowsky]], a retired Brown University [[archaeology]] [[professor]].
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In the summer of 2006, Martha's and Waitstill's names were added to the list of "[[Righteous Among the Nations]]", a wall in [[Israel]] for [[Gentile]]s who risked their own lives in helping as many escape the Holocaust as they could. Eva Feigl gave a speech in 2005, describing how she never forgot the day she saw Martha Sharp when they got to America, the day she saw freedom.
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Artemis Joukowsky (the Sharps' grandchild) has been meeting with movie producers interested in turning their story into a film.<ref>[http://www.uuworld.org/news/articles/unitariancouplehonoredforworldwariiheroism2453.shtml]</ref>
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== Источники и ссылки ==
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* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martha_Sharp Статья "Martha Sharp" в английском разделе Википедии]
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* [http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10007198 Holocaust Encyclopedia; United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, D.C.]
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* [http://www.harvardsquarelibrary.org/unitarians/cogan.html Entry at "Harvard Square Library"]
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* [http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/article.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10007198 Entry at "Holocaust Encyclopedia"]
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* [http://www.uua.org/news/2005/051212_YadVashem.html Sharp remembered at Wellesley UU Church]
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* [http://www.brownalumnimagazine.com/storydetail.cfm?ID=2628 Obituary in Brown Alumni Magazine]
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* [http://www.projo.com/extra/2006/sharps/ Honored in ''Rhode Island News'']
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== Примечания ==
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{{Reflist}}
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[[Category:Праведники мира]]
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[[Category:Персоналии по алфавиту]]
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[[Category:Холокост]]
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Текущая версия на 01:35, 31 мая 2013

  1. redirect ej:Шарп, Марта
Источник — «http://www.jearc.info/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BF,_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0»
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