Элон-Морэ

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{{Остатье\ЭЕЭ
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{{НП-Израиль
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|статус                  = общинное поселение
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|русское название        = Эл́он-Мор́е
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|оригинальное название  = אֵלוֹן מוֹרֶה
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|герб                    =
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|lat_deg = 32 |lat_min = 14 |lat_sec = 2.15
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|lon_deg = 35 |lon_min = 19 |lon_sec = 52.69
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|CoordAddon    = type:city(1315)_region:IL
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|округ                  = Иудея и Самария
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|вид главы              = Председатель поселкового совета
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|глава                  =
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|дата основания          = 1980 год
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|население              = 1315
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|год переписи            = 2008
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|национальный состав    = [[Евреи]]
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|конфессиональный состав = [[Иудаизм]]
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|телефонный код          = +972 3
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|почтовые индексы        =
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|категория в Commons    =
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|сайт                    = http://www.elonmoreh.co.il
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}}
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<!--
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|meaning=Named after Biblical town
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|pushpin_map=Israel shomron |pushpin_mapsize=250
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-->
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[[Файл:Elon Moreh.jpg|250px|right|thumb|Два старых квартала, вид на юг]]
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[[File:Rahamei Tirtzah ark.jpg|left|thumb|200px|Арка синагоги ''Рахамей Тирца'']]
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'''Эл́он-Мор́е (אֵלוֹן מוֹרֶה)''' - общинное поселение в горах [[Самария|Самарии]], в 5 км восточнее [[Шхем]]а.
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Принадлежит поселенческому движению Амана. Расположено поблизости от руин древнего поселения, упоминаемого в [[Тора|Торе]], в частности, как первая остановка праотца [[Авраам]]а в [[Ханаан]]е (Быт. 12:6).
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== История основания ==
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Первоначально (в 1975 г.) группа поселенцев из движения [[Гуш Эмуним]] временно обосновалась в лагере [[Кдумим]] в 10 км восточнее Шхема (на месте нынешнего общинного поселения [[Кдумим]]).
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В 1979 г. группа получила под заселение участок в 4 км юго-восточнее [[Шхем]]а, возле арабской деревни Раджиб. Ряд жителей деревни, а также членов израильских левых организаций обжаловали в [[Верховный суд Израиля|Верховном суде]] разрешение на постройку поселения ввиду того, что часть отведенных ему земель находится в частном владении жителей деревни Раджиб. После длительного судебного разбирательства, сопровождавшегося конфликтами политического характера и бурными дискуссиями в обществе, было принято решение в пользу арабских жителей Раджиба. Еврейское поселение было перенесено на нынешнее место.
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== Географические характеристики ==
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Население Элон-Море — 1030 человек (начало 2003 г.). Здесь имеется металлообрабатывающий завод и лаборатория по разработке компьютерных программ.
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Рядом с поселением расположен заповедник «Ѓар-Кабир», богатый родниками, которые пробили в скалах причудливые ущелья, зарослями дубов и самарийских ирисов.
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== Источники и ссылки ==
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* КЕЭ, том 10, кол. 603
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* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Moreh Статья "Elon Moreh" в английском разделе Википедии]
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* [http://www.elonmoreh.co.il Сайт поселкового совета]
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* [http://www.shechem.org/elon-moreh/eindex.html Неофициальный сайт Элон-Море]
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* [http://www.americanfriendsofelonmoreh.org/index.html American Friends of Elon Moreh]
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<!--
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'''Elon Moreh''' ({{lang-he-n|אֵלוֹן מוֹרֶה}}) is an [[Israeli settlement]] located in the Samarian hills of the [[West Bank]] northeast of [[Nablus]] on the slopes of the [[Mount Kabir]] ridge.
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The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank [[International law and Israeli settlements|illegal under international law]], but the Israeli government disputes this.<ref name="BBC_GC4">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/1682640.stm |title=The Geneva Convention |publisher=BBC News |date=10 December 2009 |accessdate=27 November 2010 }}</ref>
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==History==
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The history of the modern settlement named for Biblical Elon Moreh started in the mid-1970s when a group led by Rabbi [[Menachem Felix]] and [[Benny Katzover]] organized a pioneering group of dozens of families called ''Garin Elon Moreh'' in order to found a settlement in the Shechem area. Eight times, the group tried to choose a plot of land to settle but the [[Israel]]i under [[Yitzchak Rabin]], then in his first term, prevented these attempts - arguing that the settlers' main aim was to secure permanent Israeli possession of the territory and that such possession would preclude any possibility of peace with Jordan or a Palestinian state. However, [[Shimon Peres]] - then Defence Minister - was accused of clandestinely helping the settlers as part of his ongoing power struggle with Rabin. 
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In 1975, after a controversial attempt to settle the area of [[Sebastia (town)|Sebastia]], the group was finally allowed to stay in the area by taking up residence on an army base called ''Kadum'' eleven kilometres west of Shechem, the families living in an abandoned prison. In 1979, the government under [[Menachem Begin]] allowed them to take up residence south of Nablus, but an injunction by the [[Israeli Supreme Court]] stopped the plan, ruling that that land belonged to local [[Arabs]] and that the army had power to confiscate land only for pure military purposes, and not for civilian settlement of Israelis.
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At the time, several hundred Israeli activists of [[Peace Now]] besieged the settlement site for nearly twenty four hours, demanding the settlers' removal, and going away only when then Defence Minister [[Ezer Weizman]] arrived by helicopter and assured them the settlers would be removed. 
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The site was dismantled and the group moved to the current location in 1980. The land on which it was erected were considered legally as "state lands" and therefore eligible for Israeli settlement. This legal interpretation was disputed, the Peace Now lawyers arguing that it constituted abuse of the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] land law, by which common village lands were deemed to be the [[Sultan]]'s property (whose ultimate heir was the Israeli military government); however, the law was not intended to give the Sultan the right to alienate the village lands and grant them to people outside the village, and was never so used during the centuries of Ottoman rule, or under the British and Jordanians who maintained the same law. However, in this case the Supreme Court accepted the state and the settlers' position, and the placing of the Alon Moreh settlers in the new location was upheld.
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This legal method of proclaiming West Bank village lands to be "state lands" was subsequently used to create many other West Bank settlements. In this, too, Elon Moreh was a precedent-setting case - a positive one in the eyes of some Israelis, a negative one for others.     
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Later, all soldiers were evacuated from army base called Kadum, and the land handed over the settlers located there, becoming the large settlement of [[Kedumim]], and the Arab lands of the last attempt were purchased and the village of Itamar was founded at that location.
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The present location of Elon Moreh was first settled on the [[Jew]]ish holiday of [[Tu B'shvat]], February 1980. It was the first settlement to be established in the northern West Bank after the [[Six-Day War]]. Over 1200 residents now live in the village.
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The village's primary school 'Nahalat Tzvi' is named after Rabbi [[Zvi Yehuda Kook|Tzvi Yehuda Kook]] who had been the leader of [[Gush Emunim]]. Elon Moreh also has a [[hesder]] yeshiva, called ''Birkat Yosef'', with a couple of hundred students. The [[rosh yeshiva]] of the yeshiva is Rabbi [[Eliyakim Lavnon]] who is also the chief rabbi of Elon Moreh.
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On April 6, 1988, Elon Moreh resident 15-year-old [[Tirza Porat]] was shot dead in the neighbouring Palestinian village of [[Beita]] by fellow resident Romam Aldubli.<ref>Noam Chomsky, 'Fateful Triangle - The United States, Israel, and the Palestinians', Updated Edition. Pluto Press, London. 1999. ISBN 0-7453-1530-5. Page 494-495. </ref>
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On March 28, 2002, a Palestinian gunman infiltrated the village, burst into the home of the Gavish family and opened fire. The lone gunman managed to kill four residents before being killed himself. [http://www.pmo.gov.il/PMOEng/Communication/IsraelUnderAttack/Elon+Moreh/Elon+Moreh.htm]
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The present day settlement of Elon Moreh receives municipal services from the [[Shomron Regional Council]] and the closest neighboring settlements are [[Itamar (town)|Itamar]], [[Har Bracha]] and [[Yitzhar]].
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==Name==
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In the Bible, Elon Moreh is where God told Abraham, “To your descendants will I give this land” (Genesis 12:6) Jacob, the son of Isaac and grandson of Abraham purchased land near Elon Moreh and Shechem (Genesis 33:19).  The name of the village comes from a passage in the [[Torah]] relating to the first location where [[Abraham]] settled after crossing the [[Jordan River]],
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-->
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== Примечания ==
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{{примечания}}
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{{Округ Иудея и Самария}}
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{{Israel-geo-stub}}
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[[Category:Иудея и Самария]]
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[[Category:География Израиля]]
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[[Категория:Населённые пункты Израиля]]
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[[Категория:Населённые пункты по алфавиту]]
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{{ElevenCopyRight|15075|Элон-Море}}
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Текущая версия на 01:47, 31 мая 2013

  1. redirect ej:Элон-Морэ
Источник — «http://www.jearc.info/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD-%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8D»
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