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| - | [[Image:City of david12.jpg|thumb|250px|Lower pool, Breikhat Hashiloah]]
| + | #redirect [[:ej:Бассейн Шилоах]] |
| - | [[File:City of davidDSCN4616.JPG|thumb|right|250px|Artist's reconstruction]]
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| - | '''Pool of Siloam''' ({{lang-he|בריכת השילוח}}) (''Breikhat Hashiloah'') is a rock-cut pool on the southern slope of the [[City of David]], the original site of [[Jerusalem]], located outside the walls of the [[Old City (Jerusalem)|Old City]] to the southeast. The pool was fed by the waters of the [[Gihon Spring]], carried there by two [[aqueduct]]s.
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| - | ==History==
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| - | The Pool of Siloam is mentioned several times in the [[Bible]]. [[Book of Isaiah|Isaiah]] {{Bibleverse-nb||Isaiah|8:6|HE}} mentions the pool's waters, while {{Bibleverse||Isaiah|22:9|HE}} ff. references the construction of Hezekiah's tunnel. For [[Christianity|Christians]], the pool has additional significance as it is mentioned in the [[Gospel of John]], as the location to which [[Jesus]] sent a man who had been blind from birth, as part of [[Miracles of Jesus|the act of healing him]].<ref>{{Bibleverse||John|9|}}</ref>
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| - | A substantial remodeling of a nearby pool, thought to be the Siloam Pool, was constructed in the 5th century, under [[Byzantium|Byzantine]] direction, and is said to have been built at the behest of the Empress [[Aelia Eudocia]]. This pool, having been somewhat abandoned and left to ruin, partly survives to the present day; surrounded by a high wall of stones on all sides (except for an arched entrance to [[Hezekiah|Hezekiah's]] tunnel – which was only rediscovered in the 19th century).
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| - | ==The lower pool==
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| - | Ancient records report that during the [[Second Temple]] period, there was a ''lower pool''. In the Autumn of 2004, [[Ir David Foundation]] workers, excavating for a sewer near the present-day pool, uncovered stone steps, and [[Ronny Reich]] and [[Eli Shukron]] (prominent archaeologists) were called in; it became obvious to them that these steps were likely to have been part of the Second Temple period pool. Excavations commenced and confirmed the initial supposition; the find was formally announced on August 9, 2005 and received substantial international media attention.<ref>Archaeologists identify traces of 'miracle' pool. Siloam Pool was where Jesus was said to cure blind, AP, Dec. 23, 2004 [http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/6750670/]</ref><ref >{{cite news |title=The once and future city |first=Rena |last=Rossner |url=http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1137605923369&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull |newspaper=The Jerusalem Post |date=January 26, 2006|accessdate=November 15, 2009 |language=English quote=They have also discovered thousands of fish bones that, together with the bullae were found in an area that Reich and Shukran believe to be the Shiloah Pool, used as a ritual bath for the Temple Mount, and a tiled road which ends at the pool and has its origins near the Temple Mount. Ostensibly, this is the road that worshipers used to go back and forth between the Shiloah Pool and the Temple Mount. }}</ref> The pool is less than 70 yards from the edge of the Byzantine reconstruction of a pool previously thought to be the Siloam Pool. This small pool collected some of the water as it emptied there at the southern end of Hezekiah's tunnel. The water continued on through a channel into the recently discovered Pool of Siloam. The source of the water is from the Gihon Spring located at the northern end of Hezekiah's tunnel on the eastern side of the City of David. An ancient pool (Upper Pool) existed near the Gihon Spring but was no longer used after King Hezekiah redirected the waters to the western side of the city.<ref> The City of David; revisiting early excavations; English translations of reports by Raymond Weill and L-H. Vincent/ notes and comments by Ronny Reich; edited by Hershel Shanks. Pages 197-227.</ref>
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| - | The lower pool is not perfectly rectangular, but a soft [[trapezoid]]. There are three sets of five steps, two leading to a platform, before the bottom is reached, and it has been suggested that the steps were designed to accommodate various water levels. The pool is stone lined, but underneath there is evidence of an earlier version which was merely plastered (to help it retain water). Coins found within this plaster date from the time of [[Alexander Jannaeus]] (104—76 BC), while a separate collection of coins, dating from the time of the [[Great Revolt]] (AD 66—70), were also found.
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| - | How much of the pool and its surrounding structures were a result of monumental construction by [[Herod the Great]] is not yet understood (as of September 2006); nor is the relationship of this pool to the earlier one (i.e., why it was built when the earlier pool already existed). A portion of this pool remains unexcavated, as the land above it is owned by a nearby [[Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem|Greek Orthodox church]] and is occupied by an orchard known as the King's Garden (compare {{Bibleverse||Nehemiah|3:15|HE}}).
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| - | As a fresh water reservoir, it would have been a major gathering place for ancient Jews making religious pilgrimages to the city. The Gospel of John suggests that it was probably used as a [[mikvah]] (ritual bath),<ref>{{Bibleverse||John|9:6-11|}}</ref> although mikvahs are usually much smaller in size; if the pool were a mikvah, it would be the largest ever found, by a substantial margin.<ref>[[James H. Charlesworth]], quoted in ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'', article: ''Biblical Pool Uncovered in Jerusalem'', 9th August 2005</ref> It is thought that the current structure was originally the ''Shrine of the Four Nymphs'' (''Tetranymphon''), a [[nymphaeum]] built by [[Hadrian]] during the construction of [[Aelia Capitolina]] in 135,<ref>Dave Winter, ''Israel handbook'', (1999) p 180</ref><ref>André Grabar, ''Martyrium'', (1946), volume 1, page 193</ref><ref>E. Wiegand, ''The Theodosian Monastery'', (1929), volume 11, page 50-72</ref> and mentioned in Byzantine works such as the 7th century ''[[Chronicon Paschale]]''; other nymphaeum built by Hadrian, such as that at [[Sagalassos]], are very similar.<ref>for example, see [http://www.akmedanmed.com/resim/3/13_1.jpg this view]</ref>
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| - | == See also ==
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| - | {{Commons}}
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| - | * [[Tower of Siloam]]
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| - | ==Источники==
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| - | * [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pool_of_Siloam Статья "Pool of Siloam" в английском разделе Википедии]]
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| - | * [http://www.kchanson.com/ANCDOCS/westsem/siloam.html Image and text of the Siloam inscription]
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| - | * Hershel Shanks, "The Siloam Pool Where Jesus Cured the Blind Man", ''[[Biblical Archaeology Review]]'':31:5 (September-October 2005), pp. 16-23. Click here for an abridged article in [http://www.bib-arch.org/bswbOOnews.html#siloam html] or the full article in [http://www.bib-arch.org/siloam.pdf pdf format]
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| - | *[http://www.holylandphotos.org/ Pictures of the recently rediscovered Pool of Siloam from ''holylandphotos.org'']
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| - | * The [[Drudge Report]]'s article from the day the news was formally released can be found in the Drudge Report Archives [http://www.drudgereportarchives.com/data/2005/08/09/20050809_041200_flash1.htm here]
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| - | == Примечания ==
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| - | {{Примечания}}
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| - | {{coord|31|46|14|N|35|14|06|E|region:IL-JM_type:waterbody_source:dewiki|display=title}}
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| - | [[Category:New Testament places]]
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| - | [[Category:Hebrew Bible places]]
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| - | [[Category:Siloam]]
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| - | [[Category:Ancient sites in Jerusalem]]
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| - | [[Category:Classical sites in Jerusalem]]
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| - | [[Category:City of David]]
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| - | [[Category:Reservoirs in Jerusalem]]
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| - | [[Категория:Черновые материалы для работы]]
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