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| - | | ДАТА СОЗДАНИЯ =4.11.2011
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| - | }} {{Заготовка_раздела}}
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| - | {{coord|47.50569|19.05363|display=title|scale:500}}
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| - | '''Стеклянный дом''' ('''''Üvegház''''') - здание в [[Будапешт]]е, на улице Вадаш ( Vadász), 29, где во время [[Холокост]]а в 1944 году швейцарский дипломат [[Лутц, Карл|Карл Лутц]] прятал евреев от немецких и [[Салашисты|венгерских нацистов]]. В этом доме и соседнем здании спаслось около 3000 человек.<ref name=Braham>{{cite book
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| - | | last = Braham
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| - | | first = Randolph L.
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| - | | coauthors = Scott Miller
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| - | | title = The Nazis' Last Victims: The Holocaust in Hungary
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| - | | publisher = Wayne State University Press
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| - | | year = 1998
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| - | | pages = 143–144
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| - | | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=X3lrJHcsY9sC&pg=PA144&lpg=PA144&dq=glass+house+budapest&source=web&ots=fWP3uKi3O0&sig=xEq5eUVa0BTEWJfODlg8kzDtCLU#PPA144,M1
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| - | | isbn = 0814330959}}</ref>
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| - | == Характеристики здания ==
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| - | Стеклянный дом также имеет большое значение, потому что использовался как штаб-квартира еврейского молодежного подполья, которое спасло много жизней. | + | |
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| - | The building, that had once been a glass factory, is located at 29 Vadász Street,<ref name=Braham/> not far from the large and well known [[Saint Stephen's Basilica]] and [[Hungarian Parliament Building|Hungary's Parliament]].
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| - | Carl Lutz is credited with saving the lives of 62,000 Jews from the Holocaust by issuing “letters of protection,” a life-saving diplomatic device of his own invention. In addition, he helped 10,000 Jewish children emigrate to Palestine after he became head of Switzerland’s foreign interests section in Budapest in 1942. By 1944, Lutz represented 12 countries in addition to Switzerland, including the United States.
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| - | Born in Switzerland in 1895, Lutz emigrated at the age of 18 to the United States, where he was to remain for more than 20 years. Appointed in 1942 as Swiss vice-consul in Budapest, Hungary, Lutz soon began cooperating with the [[Jewish Agency for Palestine]], issuing Swiss safe-conduct documents enabling Jewish children to emigrate.
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| - | Once the Nazis took over Budapest in 1944 and began deporting Jews to the death camps, Lutz negotiated a special deal with the Hungarian government and the Nazis: he had permission to issue protective letters to 8,000 Hungarian Jews for emigration to Palestine.
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| - | Lutz then deliberately misinterpreted his permission for 8,000 as applying to families rather than individuals, and proceeded to issue tens of thousands of additional protective letters, all of them bearing a number between one and 8,000. He also set up some 76 safe houses around Budapest, declaring them annexes of the Swiss legation. Among the safe houses the most famous one was the Glass House, where over 3,000 Jews found refuge and protection from their persecutors.
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| - | After the war, Lutz was initially reprimanded for having gone too far in his efforts, but was vindicated and honored by the Swiss government in 1957. He retired from the Swiss consular service in 1961.
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| - | For risking his life to help Jews during the Holocaust, Lutz in 1964 became the first Swiss national named “[[Righteous Among the Nations]]” by [[Yad Vashem]], the Holocaust memorial authority in [[Israel]].
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| - | Lutz died in Bern, Switzerland, in 1975.
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| - | == Историческая память ==
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| - | Стеклянный дом теперь открыт для посетителей в качестве музея, который напоминает об истории [[Лутц, Карл|Карла Лутца]] и его делах.
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| - | У входа в старое гетто [[Будапешт]]а, был установлен памятник ему в 1991 году. Хотя более 400 тысяч венгерских евреев погибли в [[Холокост]]е, 125000 выжили, половина из них - благодаря усилиям [[Лутц, Карл|Карла Лутца]].
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| - | == Источники и ссылки ==
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| - | * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass_House_(Budapest) Статья "Glass House (Budapest)" в английском разделе Википедии]
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| - | * [http://news.findlaw.com/wash/s/20061214/200612141656091.html Jeffrey Thomas, "Memorial Unveiled at U.S. Embassy in Budapest", USINFO, 14 December 2006.]
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| - | * Source: Hungarian Embassy, FDFA Switzerland
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| - | == См. также ==
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| - | * [[Лутц, Карл|Карл Лутц]]
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| - | * [[Рауль Валленберг]]
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| - | * [[Сампайо Гарриду, Карлуш|Карлуш Сампайо Гарриду]]
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| - | == Примечания ==
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| - | {{reflist}}
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| - | [[Category:История евреев Венгрии]]
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| - | [[Category:История еврейского народа]]
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| - | [[Category:Праведники мира]]
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| - | [[Category:Холокост]]
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