Рейндер, Анри (отец Бруно)

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#redirect [[:ej:Рейндер, Анри (отец Бруно)]]
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| ДАТА СОЗДАНИЯ  =25/06/2012
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|имя              =
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|оригинал имени  = Henri Reynders
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|портрет          = henri-reynders1.jpg
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|размер          = 220px
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|описание        = Отец Бруно с некоторыми из спасённых им еврейских детей.
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|имя при рождении =
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|род деятельности = Католический священник, [[Праведник мира]]
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|дата рождения    = 24.10.1903
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|место рождения  =
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|гражданство      = Бельгия
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|подданство      =
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|дата смерти      = 26.10.1981
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'''Анри Рейндер (отец Бруно)''' (Henri Reynders (Dom Bruno), 24 октября 1903 г. – 26 октября 1981 г.) был бельгийским католическим священником и [[Праведник мира|Праведником мира]]. Спас 400 евреев во время [[Холокост]]а.
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Отец Бруно, монах-бенедиктинец, ездил в Германию в 1938 году и был удручен спектакль, который был предложен ему: "Я шел по оживленной улице, он сообщил, и я видел везде оскорбительные знаки: "Иуда = Иуды", "Juden heraus" и "Juden Синд Nicht erwünschen Yesterday". Я был очень потрясен, но он был такой случай, что потрясло меня больше всего: я увидел старика в кафтане и в черной шляпе, в слово то же стереотип еврея. Старик шел согнуты, он не смел поднять глаза и закрыл лицо руками. Люди двигались в сторону от него, как будто от чумы, или они намеренно толкали, указал на него и издевались над ним. Это разделение, презрение, высокомерие, жестокость этой глупой ... Это было невыносимо! Эта память никогда не исчез из моей памяти, и всегда дает мне то же отвращение. "
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Отец Бруно с пяти еврейских детей, он спрятал © Мемориального музея Холокоста США
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В то время он был капелланом в бельгийской армии в 1940 году, отец Бруно был ранен и захвачен в плен. Он был освобожден только через год. В 1942 году монах Бруно Reynders, вернувшись в Бельгии, будет служить священником в маленьком доме для слепых возле Theux, которые на самом деле был прикрытием, реальная миссия, чтобы скрыть евреям угрожали арестом. Управление бытового и большинство жителей, в том числе пять или шесть детей действительно слеп, все евреи. "Так началась героическое приключение, целью которого было" спасти жизни людей, восстановление семьи, установить между иудаизмом и христианством человеческого общения. "Отец Бруно сохранено около 400 еврейских детей от депортации, размещая их в семьях, в Левене, Jodoigne, Намюр, Синей, Брюссель, Move, и во многих религиозных организаций (сестры Bellegem, Abbey Leffe, бенедиктинский монастырь в Льеже, где его родная сестра, сестры Дона Боско в Кортрейк, и т.д.).
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Бернард и Карл Rotmil, два еврейских братьев спас отец Бруно © Мемориального музея Холокоста США
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Он организует поставки продовольствия, одежды, ложные документы, удостоверяющие личность, он обратился к друзьям и родственникам, чтобы финансовые потребности своих молодых защищены. Кроме того, он гарантирует, что дети могут продолжить обучение по работе с директорами школ в Бельгии. После освобождения он работал, чтобы воссоединить детей и их семей скрыты. Это было в 1964 году, что Яд ва-Шем Бруно дает отцу звания Праведника народов мира. Ottignies, стела была установлена ​​в его памяти, со словами: "Отец Бруно Reynders, бенедиктинский (1903-1981). Сопротивление героя. Рискуя жизнью, он спас более 400 евреев от нацистского варварства. "Отец Бруно в Иерусалиме с некоторыми из детей он спрятал
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== Early life and study ==
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Henri Reynders was the fifth of eight children of an upper middle class, deeply religious [[Catholic]] family. At the age of seventeen, having completed classical [[Greek language|Greek]] and [[Latin]] studies at a Catholic school, he was accepted as a postulant at the [[Order of St. Benedict|Benedictine]] Mont-César Abbey (now known as [[Keizersberg Abbey]]) in [[Leuven]], Belgium. After the successful completion of the noviciate in 1922, Henri Reynders was given the name of '''Dom Bruno'''.
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The next three years were devoted to studying [[theology]] and [[philosophy]] at the [[Catholic University of Leuven]] and at [[Saint Anselm Athenaeum]] in [[Rome]]. Dom Bruno took the [[Rule of St. Benedict|Benedictine]] vows in Rome in 1925, binding himself to a [[monastic]] life at Mont-César and obedience to its abbot. Mont-César was known as an “intellectual abbey” and Dom Bruno was allowed to complete his studies concentrating on the writings of [[Saint Irenaeus]], a second century Father-of-the-Church. He was ordained a priest in 1928 in Leuven, and the University of Leuven awarded Dom Bruno a Doctorate in Theology three years later.
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Asked to lecture on theological dogma to the Mont-César community, Dom Bruno proved to be a non-conformist teacher, much to the dismay
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of his more conservative abbot. Typically, during one of his lectures, he presented for consideration the views of [[Martin Luther]]. His lecturing duties cut short, the maverick monk was given a new assignment: mentor of the young son of [[Duc de Guise]], claimant to the throne of [[France]], living in Belgium. In recalling this unhappy episode years later, Dom Bruno laughingly exclaimed: “Me, an [[anarchist]], teaching a prince!” Eventually, Dom Bruno resumed teaching at his monastery and contributed articles to publications devoted to ancient and medieval theology.
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With the abbot's approval, he traveled extensively within and outside Belgium, visiting Catholic institutions to lecture and exchange views.
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During a stay in Hitler's Germany lecturing Catholic youths, he first witnessed what he would later characterize as the “shocking, revolting and  nauseating” injustice and brutality of Nazi [[anti-Semitism]].
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During his studies in Rome, Dom Bruno met and became an enthusiastic supporter of the controversial [[Dom Lambert Beauduin]], founder and Prior
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of the Benedictine [[Amay Priory]] (later transferred to Chevetogne) Belgium. Dom Lambert promoted unification of all Christian Churches
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as well as liturgical reforms, ideas that were later favored in [[Vatican II]] but were not fully accepted by the Catholic Church at the time.
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Consequently, Dom Bruno was advised to discontinue contacts with [[Chevetogne Abbey|Chevetogne]].
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== World War II ==
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In the wake of the 1939 German invasion of [[Poland]], which sparked [[World War II]], Belgium mobilized and Dom Bruno was assigned to be chaplain with the 41st Artillery Regiment. In May of the following year German troops overran Belgium. In the course of the campaign he sustained a leg injury and spent the next six months in prisoner-of-war camps at [[Wolfsburg]] and [[Doessel]], Germany, where he continued to provide religious and moral support to fellow prisoners. Upon his release from the camp, Dom Bruno returned to Mont-César in German occupied Belgium and resumed his teaching activities.
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Compelled by his hostility toward the German occupation and Nazism, Dom Bruno made contact with elements of the [[Belgian Resistance]] and assisted in the repatriation of British pilots shot down over Belgian territory. In 1942, the [[NSDAP|Nazi]] authorities began rounding up [[Jews]] in Belgium for deportation to the death camps. On orders of his superior, Dom Bruno proceeded to the hamlet of Hodbomont, to act as chaplain at a home for the blind. The priest soon became aware that the home was used as a hiding place for a number of Jewish adults and children, brought there by a group of Christians opposed to the Nazi policies. The leader of the group was a prominent lawyer, Albert van den Berg, with whom Dom Bruno became a close collaborator. When it became unsafe to continue hiding Jews at this location, the home was closed and its occupants dispersed to other locations. Dom Bruno returned to Mont-César and dedicated himself exclusively to finding places of refuge for Jews.
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In undertaking the dangerous mission of rescuing as many Jews as possible from deportation, Dom Bruno found support among fellow monks at Mont-César, higher-ups in the Belgian church hierarchy, and even several family members, including his young nephew Michel Reynders. He built an underground network by establishing contacts with a number of existing resistance groups and individuals similarly engaged in rescue work. Several of these individuals, including the lawyer van den Berg, paid with their lives for these humanitarian activities. Dom Bruno's major effort was finding families and institutions willing to hide Jews, especially Jewish children, in spite of the obvious risks. In this he was most successful by appealing to the prospects' Christian faith and values. Consequently, many of the cooperating institutions were Catholic boarding schools, usually operating within the walls of convents or monasteries. Dom Bruno would personally accompany “his children” to their new homes or move them to new locations to prevent suspicion among villagers.
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He would frequently visit these children, providing a link with their parents who were also hiding, when not deported as was often the case. In addition to building and running his “underground railroad”, Dom Bruno ensured that his charges were provided with false identifications,
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including non-Jewish sounding names, fake ration cards, as well as financial assistance to the rescuers. These logistical concerns could only
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be met with the willing but risky cooperation of numerous city officials, civil servants, and generous donors. The [[Gestapo]] got wind of Father Bruno's activities and raided Mont César Abbey in 1944. Fortunately, Dom Bruno was away at the time. Following the unsuccessful raid, the monk went into hiding himself, trading his habit for civilian garb and sporting a beret to hide his tonsure.
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A fellow monk at the abbey provided him with several skillfully forged identification cards. Often using a bicycle, and in spite of subsequent close calls, Dom Bruno continued his dangerous mission of mercy for the duration of the Nazi occupation.
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== After World War II ==
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Following the liberation of Belgium in September 1944, Dom Bruno assisted in reuniting the hidden children with parents or other members of the immediate family. Problems arose when representatives of the Jewish community opposed attempts by some Christians to adopt orphaned Jewish children, especially since many of these children requested baptism as the result of their Catholic experience. Dom Bruno, who during the Nazi occupation opposed active conversion of his charges, took the position that each case should be evaluated individually with the best interest of the child being the deciding factor.
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As the war against Germany was still in progress, Dom Bruno rejoined the Belgian armed forces as a chaplain. At war's end he briefly returned to Mont-César but was reassigned by his Order to perform pastoral and educational work at other locations in Belgium, France and in Rome.
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No longer burdened by his wartime self-imposed rescue mission, Dom Bruno resumed his studies of Saint Irenaeus' legacy and in 1954 published the definitive lexicon on the subject. Attracted by the ecumenical spirit of [[Chevetogne Abbey]], where, as a young priest, he had become a disciple
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of Dom Lambert Beauduin, Dom Bruno had, over the years, requested a release from the Mont-César community in order to join the monks at
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Chevetogne. That request had been repeatedly denied by his abbot. Finally, in 1968, his wish was granted. His final active assignment was as vicar
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in the town of [[Ottignies]] near Louvain where he ministered to the aged, the sick and the handicapped.
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In 1964, the state of Israel proclaimed Dom Bruno Reynders a “[[Righteous Among the Nations]]”, an honor bestowed on gentiles who risked their lives to help Jews during the Holocaust.
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[[Image:henri-reynders2.jpg|thumb|left|Dom Bruno in Jerusalem with some of his 'hidden children']]
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He was invited to Jerusalem to witness the planting of a tree in his honor at [[Yad Vashem]] (Alley of the Righteous). A gradually worsening [[Parkinson's disease]] forced Dom Bruno to retire to a nursing home in 1975. Six years later he sustained a severe bone fracture and did not survive surgery. He was buried at his beloved Abbey of Chevetogne.
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Ten years after Father Bruno's death, a square in the city of Ottignies was named in his honor. A stele was erected which reads:
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:''Father Bruno Reynders, Benedictine (1903-1981).  Hero of the resistance. At the risk of his life saved some 400 Jews from Nazi barbarism''
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== См. также ==
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* [[Андре, Жозеф (аббат)|Жозеф Андре ("отец Бруно")]]
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* [[Даман, Жанна|Жанна Даман]]
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* [[Перельман, Хаим|Хаим Перельман]]
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* [[Елизавета, бельгийская королева-мать]]
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* [[Холокост в Бельгии]]
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* [[Невейен, Ивонн|Ивонн Невейен]]
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== Источники и ссылки ==
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* [http://www.maisondesjustes.com/histoire_b.html Charleroi - Belgique - Monde - Liens]
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* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Reynders Статья "Henri Reynders" из английского раздела Википедии]
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* ''Resistance - Pere Bruno Reynders by Johannes Blum. A French monograph containing documents, notes, testimonials, and photographs. Published June 1993 by “ Les Carrefours de la Cité ”, 29b. Avenue Gen. Lartigue, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgique.
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* ''The Path of the Righteous - Gentile Rescuers of Jews During the Holocaust'' by Mordecai Paldiel.
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* ''The Righteous - The Unsung Heroes of the Holocaust'' by Sir Martin Gilbert.
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* ''Faith under Fire: Stories of Hope and Courage from World War II'' by Steve Rabey
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* ''Lexique comparé du texte grec et des versions latine, arménniene et syriac de l'Adversus heareses de Saint Irénée '' by Bruno Reynders
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Примечания
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{{Примечания}}
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[[Категория:Праведники мира]]
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Текущая версия на 00:44, 31 мая 2013

  1. redirect ej:Рейндер, Анри (отец Бруно)
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