|
|
| (18 промежуточных версий не показаны.) |
| Строка 1: |
Строка 1: |
| - | {{Начало_работы}}
| + | #redirect [[:ej:Объединение Эльад]] |
| - | | + | |
| - | [[File:Davids-harp.jpg|thumb|A harp of King David at the entrance to the City of David in Jerusalem]]
| + | |
| - | '''Ir David Foundation''' or the '''Elad Association''' ({{lang-he|עמותת אלע"ד}} - a Hebrew acronym for: ''To the City of David'') is an [[Jerusalem]]-based,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.b144.co.il/b144_sip/members/401C04134074675840170C10.aspx |title=עמותת אלע"ד |author=Bezek |date= |work=Business and Foundations Listing |publisher= |accessdate=24 April 2010}}</ref> [[Israel]]i association which aims to strengthen the Jewish connection to [[Jerusalem]] and renew the Jewish community in the [[City of David]], which is part of the village of [[Silwan]].<ref>{{cite news |title=תלונה: פריצה לאתר של עמותת אלע"ד |author= |first=Ornit |last=Ashur |url=http://www.inn.co.il/News/News.aspx/199389 |format= |agency= |newspaper= |publisher= |location= |isbn= |issn= |oclc= |pmid= |pmd= |bibcode= |doi= |id= |date=19/01/10 |page= |pages= |at= |accessdate= |language=Hebrew |trans_title= |quote=Elad (the City of David) is an organization whose declared purpose is to strengthen the Jewish connection to Jerusalem and renew the Jewish community in the city of David (translated) }}</ref> The foundation works to achieve its goals by tourism, education, archaeological excavations and obtaining homes in the area to establish a Jewish presence.<ref>{{cite news |title=ארכיאולוגיה או אידיאולוגיה? |author=אליקים העצני |url=http://www.news1.co.il/Archive/003-D-29079-00.html?tag=10-30-39 |format= |agency= |newspaper=News1 |date=17/04/2008 |language=Hebrew |trans_title= |quote= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |ref= }}</ref>
| + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | ==История возникновения==
| + | |
| - | "Ir David" - or the [[City of David]] is beyond the southern edge of [[Jerusalem]]'s [[Temple Mount]] and [[Old City of Jerusalem|Old City]], with the [[Tyropoeon Valley]] on its west, the [[Hinnom]] valley to the south, and the [[Kidron Valley]] on the east.<ref name='jewishvirtuallibrary'>{{cite web |url=http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Archaeology/jerdavid.html |title=Jerusalem — Ir David |author= |date= |work= |publisher=Jewish Virtual Library |accessdate=2009-11-16 }}</ref> Modern settlement on the ridge began in the City of David began in 1873-1874, when the [[Meyuchas]] family, a Jewish rabbinical and merchant family that had lived in [[Jerusalem]] since their expulsion from Spain, moved a short distance outside the city walls to a house in the area.<ref>Yemin Moshe: The Story of a Jerusalem Neighborhood, Eliezer David Jaffe, Praeger, 1988, p. 51</ref> With the outbreak of [[1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine|1936 riots]] Jewish were force out of the area and the Jewish property seized by Arabs.
| + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | The foundation was founded in 1986 by David Be’ery a former deputy commander of [[Duvdevan Unit]], with the intention to purchase the former Meyuchas family home and other properties in the city.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cityofdavid.org.il/IrDavidFoundation_Eng.asp |title=The Ir David Foundation |author= |date= |work= |publisher= |accessdate=2009-11-10 }}</ref> In 1986 they were granted the authority to work on behalf of the [[Jewish National Fund]] to reclaim land in the area.<ref name='rossner'>{{cite news |title=The once and future city |first=Rena |last=Rossner |url=http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1137605923369&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull |newspaper=The Jerusalem Post |date=January 26, 2006|accessdate=November 15, 2009 }}</ref> Elad for a long time was refusing to provide the names of its funders and when they did they request successfully that the names be kept under privilege.<ref name='guardian_may_26'>Ahdaf Soueif, [http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/may/26/jerusalem-city-of-david-palestinians-archaeology/print "The dig dividing Jerusalem,"] ''The Guardian'' (26 May 2010) [Retrieved: 29 May 2010]</ref>
| + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | In 1997 the organisation was sued by the Israeli state for damaging archaeological remains and for building on a historic site without a permit, and the [[Israel Antiquities Authority]] urged against handing over upkeep and control of the archaeological sites to the organisation.<ref name="guardian_1may2008">Yigal Bronner, [http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2008/may/01/archaeologistsforhire Archaeologists for hire], ''[[The Guardian]]'', 1 May 2008</ref> In 1998 a proposed contract to do this was annulled. However, in 2002 the contract was re-enacted, this time without opposition from the IAA, and from that time the organisation has had responsibility for the preservation and maintenance of the City of David national park.
| + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | While the archeological sites are clearly from at least the second temple period, there is no clear evidence of the presence of King David or Solomon at the site. However, much of the narrative in Samuel and Kings I is consistent with the archeologic discoveries, including the water shaft through which David's troops are described scaling when they entered the city and captured it from the Jebushites. The oldest archeologic finds to date are clay document seals or bullae, containing the names of Gedaliah ben Pashur and Yehuchal ben Shelemayahu. Both names appear in the Book of Jeremiah (38:1). The two men were ministers in the court of King Zedekiah, the last king to rule in Jerusalem before the destruction of the First Temple
| + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | ==Деятельность==
| + | |
| - | ===Туризм===
| + | |
| - | [[File:Siloam81.jpg|thumb|250px|Inside Hezekiah's tunnel 2010]]
| + | |
| - | To expand tourist activity, the foundation created a massive marketing campaign which led to a sharp increase in the number of visitors in recent years. In 2001 the foundation had only 25,000 visitors, but 250,000 in 2006 and 350,000 in 2007.<ref>{{cite news |title=Scripture Comes Alive in the City of David|first=Chris|last=Mitchell|url=http://www.cbn.com/CBNnews/350845.aspx|newspaper=CBN News |date=May 22, 2008 |accessdate=December 7, 2009 }}</ref> In a program called "Ancient Jerusalem", they bring visitors to the three sites of biblical [[Jerusalem]], the [[City of David]], [[East Talpiot|Armon Hanatziv]] and the [[Mount of Olives]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Back in time to the City of David |first=Chana |last= Lockerman |url=http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1164881894342&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull |newspaper=The Jerusalem Post |date=December 14, 2006 |accessdate=November 15, 2009 }}</ref>
| + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | ===Образование===
| + | |
| - | Ir David invests considerable resources in education and strengthening ties to [[Jerusalem]], and increase knowledge of and research in ancient [[Jerusalem]]. In association with the [[Israel Defense Forces|IDF]], the Western Wall Heritage Foundation and Yad Ben Zvi the foundation gives day tours of [[Jerusalem]] to soldiers, with an emphasis on sites connected to Jewish and Zionist. The association operates weekends and seminars on leadership and Zionism among the officers, held at various tourist sites in the City of David. The association also works in conjunction with [[Bnei Akiva]], a [[Religious Zionism|religious Zionist]] [[youth movement]], giving visitors educational tours.
| + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | In 2001, the foundation established the Migdalim Institute dedicated to expanding knowledge of [[Jerusalem]] in the fields of [[History of Jerusalem|history]], archeology and the Bible. The Institute teaches academics both in Israel and internationally with courses, seminars and tours. Every year the Institute hosts the 'City of David Research Conference', where excavators and researchers present the latest innovations in the study of [[Jerusalem]]. Migdalim Institute also publishes various books and publications in areas relevant to historical researchers.
| + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | ===Археологические раскопки===
| + | |
| - | Ir David foundation is funding most archaeological excavations conducted in recent years the City of David and surrounding areas. All the excavations are conducted by the Antiquities Authority, or with their approval. Among the many excavation sites the association found in 2005 the "true" [[Pool of Siloam]] 200 meter from of another "Pool of Siloam" which was a fifth century reconstruction <ref>{{cite news |title=Biblical Pool of Siloam found |author=Thomas H. Maugh II |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=August 9, 2005 |url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2002428583_siloam09.html }}</ref> and the road that connected the spring to the Temple.<ref name='rossner' /> The pool was used as [[Mikveh]] for ritual purification performed before visiting the [[Temple in Jerusalem|temple]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Road to Temple Mount uncovered |first=Etgar|last= Lefkovits |url=http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull&cid=1143498772581 |newspaper=The Jerusalem Post |date=December 14, 2006 |accessdate=November 15, 2009 }}</ref>
| + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | In 1999 unauthorized construction on the temple mount by the Waqf resulted in trucks fulls of dirt filled with archaeological artifacts being dumped in Emek Tzurim. [[Bar Ilan University]] with funding by the Ir David foundation and the National Parks Authority, organized the [[Temple Mount Antiquities Salvage Operation]] where volunteers and professionals recover these artifacts. Thousands of artifacts have been recovered including 3,500 ancient coins.<ref>{{cite news |title=Rare first century half shekel coin found in Temple Mount dirt |first=Nadav|last= Shragai |url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=1048260|newspaper=Haaretz |date=December 21, 2008 |accessdate=November 15, 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Temple Mount dirt uncovers First Temple artifacts |first=Nadav|last= Shragai |url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=776621|newspaper=Haaretz |date=October 19, 2006 |accessdate=November 15, 2009 }}</ref>
| + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | In December 2008 excavations funded by the foundation found a large hoard of over 250 gold coins, dated to around the seventh century near the end of the [[Byzantine]] period.<ref>{{cite news |title=Hoard Of Hundreds Of Antique Gold Coins Uncovered In Walls Around Jerusalem National Park |url=http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/01/090127161357.htm|newspaper=Science Daily |date=January 29, 2009 |accessdate=November 15, 2009 }}</ref> A [[Bulla (seal)|clay seal]] bearing the name of [[Gedaliah son of Pashhur]] was also found. This was especially interesting as his name is explicitly mentioned in the bible (Book of Jeremiah (38:1)).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/History/Early+History+-+Archaeology/Unique+biblical+discovery+at+City+of+David+excavation+site+18-Aug-2008.htm |title=Unique biblical discovery at City of David excavation site |author= |date=18-Aug-2008 |work= |publisher=Israel Ministry of Foreign affairs. |accessdate=2009-11-16 }}</ref> The Foundation also funded excavation of a house the archaeologists suspect belonged to [[Helena of Adiabene]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/History/Early+History+-+Archaeology/Second+Temple+edifice+uncovered+in+City+of+David+Jerusalem+5-Dec-2007.htm |title=Impressive Second Temple edifice uncovered in the City of David, Jerusalem |author= |date=5 Dec 2007 |work= |publisher=Israel Ministry of Foreign affairs. |accessdate=2009-11-16 }}</ref> a fourth century mansion,<ref name='jewishvirtuallibrary' /><ref>{{cite news |title=Ancient Roman 'Urban Mansion' Revealed in City of David |first=Hana Levi |last= Julian |url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/132944|newspaper=IsraelNN Syndications |date=August 17, 2009 |accessdate=November 15, 2009 }}</ref> and an ancient water tunnel.<ref>{{cite news |title=Did King David Conquer Jerusalem Using This Tunnel? |first=Stephen |last= Flurry |url=http://www.thetrumpet.com/index.php?q=5707.0.110.0 |date=January 2009 |accessdate=November 15, 2009 |publisher=The Trumpet}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://video.aol.ca/video-detail/-/483684526/?icid=VIDURVNWS06 |title=Ir David Foundation uncovers water tunnel |author= |date= |work= |publisher= Israel TV Channel 1 | language=Hebrew |accessdate=24 April 2010}}</ref>
| + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | ===Покупки жилья===
| + | |
| - | Ir David purchases houses in [[Silwan]] and rents them to Jewish families. The foundation points out that some of the houses in [[Silwan]] were originally owned by Jews before the establishment of the state, representing the Jewish settlement of Kfar Shiloah, established for immigrants from Yemen in the late 19th century. With the outbreak of [[1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine|1936 riots]] Jewish settlement in the city of David was eradicated, Jewish property looted, and the houses seized by Arabs, some of whom live in these homes today.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tours Offered to Renewed 'Yemenite Village' East of Old City|first=Nissan |last=Ratzlav-Katz|url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/122466|newspaper=[[Arutz Sheva]] |publisher= IsraelNN Syndications |accessdate=December 10, 2009 |date=May 15, 2007 }}</ref> As of 2009, 75 Jewish families live in properties owned by the Association.
| + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | The Ir David foundation acquires property in the city of David and surroundings in one of four ways:
| + | |
| - | * Locating assets belonging to Jews in the city of David and seeking legal action to return them to the original owner.<ref name='inn_march_11' />
| + | |
| - | * Buying properties declared absentee property. According to Haaretz Elad took control over properties making a very dubious use of the [[Israeli_land_and_property_laws#The_.27Absentees_Property_Law.27|Israeli 'Absentees Property Law']]<ref name='Rapoport'>Meron Rapoport [http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/features/the-republic-of-elad-1.185892 “The republic of Elad,”] ''Haaretz'' (23-04-2006) [Retrieved 29-05-2010]</ref>
| + | |
| - | * Persuading Arab resident to voluntarily sell their homes to Jews.<ref name='inn_march_11'>{{cite news |title=עיר בה דוידל'ה חנה |author= |first=רויטל |last=שנור |url=http://www.inn.co.il/Besheva/Article.aspx/2537 |format= |agency= |newspaper= |publisher=Israel National News |date=03/11/2004 |trans_title= |quote=חשוב לנו שיידעו שהכל נעשה באופן חוקי, ביושר ותמורת כסף מלא("It is important to us to let them know that everything was done legally, honestly and fully for money") |archiveurl= |archivedate= |ref= |language=Hebrew}}</ref>
| + | |
| - | * Construction of new neighbourhoods in the area.
| + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | Critics accuse the foundation of methodically squeezing Arabs out to "Judaicize" the city.<ref name='Rapoport' /> The foundation points out that all of its actions are legal.<ref name='inn_march_11' />
| + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | October 9, 2010 the chairman of the Elad Association, David Be'eri was filmed as two Arab children ran into his car while teens were throwing stones at his car. Two youths were mildly injured and had to be hospitalized. Be'eri was taken in for questioning by police and later released on bail. He is still under investigation.<ref>http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3966413,00.html</ref>
| + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | ===Основные археологические находки===
| + | |
| - | *[http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/01/090127161357.htm Large Hoard of Hundreds Of Antique Gold Coins]
| + | |
| - | *[http://ancientjerusalem.org/ArticleDetails_eng.asp?id=231 Gedaliah Ben Pashchur Seal]
| + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | == Источники и ссылки ==
| + | |
| - | * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El'ad_Association Статья "Ir David Foundation" в английской части Википедии]
| + | |
| - | *[http://www.cityofdavid.org.il/about_eng.asp Ir David] Official Site
| + | |
| - | *[http://silwanic.net/?page_id=63 The Story Behind the Tourist Site] Critique of Elad by the Silwan Information Center local protest group
| + | |
| - | *[http://www.alt-arch.org/signpetition.php Archaeologist petition] for control of the investigations to be taken away from Elad
| + | |
| - | *[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aRNAJCHxa7w&feature=channel Digging for Trouble], [[Journeyman Pictures]], via YouTube
| + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | ==Примечания==
| + | |
| - | {{reflist|2}}
| + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | <!-- [[Category:Organizations based in Israel]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category:City of David]] -->
| + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | <!-- [[he:עמותת אלע"ד]] -->
| + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | [[Категория:Черновые материалы для работы]]
| + | |
