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| - | | ДАТА СОЗДАНИЯ =2.12.2011
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| - | }} {{Заготовка_раздела}}
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| - | The '''Or Commission''' ({{lang-he|ועדת אור}}; full name: ועדת החקירה הממלכתית לבירור ההתנגשויות בין כוחות'' הביטחון לבין אזרחים ישראלים באוקטובר 2000,'') was a panel of inquiry appointed by the Israeli government to investigate the events of [[October 2000 events|October 2000]] at the beginning of the [[Second Intifada]] in which 12 [[Arab citizens of Israel]] and one [[Palestinian people|Palestinian]] were killed by Israeli police amidst several demonstrations. (One [[Israeli Jews|Israeli Jew]] was killed by a stone thrown from a bridge onto her vehicle near one such demonstration; however, it is not clear that the incident was linked.)<ref>(hebrew) http://elyon1.court.gov.il/heb/veadot/or/inside3.htm#i</ref> The commission released its findings on "the clashes between security forces and Israeli civilians"<ref>[http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=335129&contrassID=2&subContrassID=1&sbSubContrassID=0&listSrc=Y Haaretz Timeline] 01/09/2003 </ref> on September 2, 2003. The chief investigator was Theodore Or, a judge at an Israeli High Court.
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| - | ==Main conclusions of the Or Commission==
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| - | ===Police responsibility===
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| - | The governmental body of inquiry criticised the Israeli police for being unprepared for the riots and using excessive force to disperse the protesting and rioting citizens. Eight policemen were reprimanded by the commission, most of them after they had retired from the police force. Two police officers were released from the force due to the conclusions.
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| - | ===Official responsibility===
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| - | As the Commission's mandate was one of inquiry, no action was taken against most of those warned by it, but rather recommendations were made. Most Jewish politicians were determined to be largely not responsible, with the exception being the Internal Security Ministry, Prof. [[Shlomo Ben-Ami]]. The commission recommended that he be removed from his post, and he would later become foreign minister. Also, three Arab figures (two Arab members [[Knesset]] and the head of the northern branch of the Islamic movement in Israel) were found to be partially responsible by incitment that preceded the riots.<ref>{{cite news
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| - | |url = http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=335594 |title = Official summary of the Or Commission report
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| - | |publisher = [[Haaretz]]
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| - | |accessdate = 2007-10-05}}
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| - | </ref>
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| - | ===Background to the demonstrations===
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| - | The Or Commission found that Arab citizens suffer discrimination in Israel and leveled criticism at the government for failing to give fair and equal attention to the needs of Arab citizens of Israel. The commission found that frustration with discrimination led to the outpourings of frustration in October 2000.<ref>{{cite news
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| - | |url = http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=335594 |title = Official summary of the Or Commission report
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| - | |publisher = [[Haaretz]]
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| - | |accessdate = 2007-10-05}}
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| - | </ref>
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| - | ==Reception==
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| - | The commission's report was highly controversial on all sides, both gravely disappointing the families of the victims and angering those who blamed Arab citizens for the unrest of October 2000.
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| - | Arab advocacy organizations such as Adalah,<ref>[http://www.adalah.org/eng/commission.php Adalah reports on the Or Commission findings]</ref> the Arab Association for Human Rights, and Mossawa argued that the report exonerated Jewish Israeli political figures who played a central role in mishandling the crisis around October 2000, and gave slap-on-the-wrist treatment to those who fired the shots, while severely censuring Arab political figures for incendiary speech. Some commentators believed this amounted to virtual circumvention of [[due process]] for Arab citizens.<ref>Yoav Stern,[http://haaretz.com/hasen/spages/774080.html Adalah: Police failed to seek indictments in Oct. 2000 riots, Haaretz] 13/10/2006</ref>
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| - | At the same time, the Or Commission's statements were perhaps the first public official acknowledgment of discrimination faced by the Arab citizenry of Israel; Adalah and Mossawa commended the Or Commission for this admission. One year after the release of the commission report, Theodore Or publicly attacked the [[Politics of Israel|government]] for failing to implement its recommendations.<ref>[http://www.haaretzdaily.com/hasen/spages/472337.html Or accuses government of apathy]</ref>
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| - | [[James Taranto]] of ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' wrote: <blockquote>Yet even acknowledging that Israeli democracy is flawed, its political system is still vastly superior to those of its adversaries. Israeli Arabs enjoy more political and civil liberties than citizens of just about any Arab country; and the only Arab lands that come anywhere close to being democracies are Lebanon, Iraq and the disputed Palestinian territories--the last two only because of American intervention. That the Israeli government criticizes its own treatment of Arabs is a testament to its democracy; can anyone imagine, say, the Saudi regime offering similar criticisms of its treatment of Shiites, non-Muslims or women? American democracy, too, is not without its flaws. During World War II, for instance, black Americans were still disfranchised, and innocent Japanese-Americans were rounded up and put in camps. It does not follow that America was no better than Nazi Germany.<ref>[http://www.icjs-online.org/index.php?eid=1164&ICJS=2394&article=858]</ref></blockquote>
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| - | == Источники и ссылки ==
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| - | * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Or_Commission Статья "Or Commission" из английской части Википедии]
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| - | * [http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=335130&contrassID=1 Ha'aretz in-depth report]
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| - | * [http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=335594 Official summary of the Or Commission report]
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| - | * [http://elyon1.court.gov.il/heb/veadot/or/inside_index.htm Full Or Report] {{he icon}}
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| - | * {{cite web
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| - | |url=http://story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story&cid=68&ncid=68&e=1&u=/nyt/20030901/ts_nyt/israelinquiryfindspatternofprejudicetowardarabcitizens
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| - | |title=Israel inquiry finds pattern of prejudice toward Arab citizens
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| - | |publisher = [[New York Times]]
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| - | |date=2003-09-01
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| - | }} Bad link 2011-04-29
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| - | * {{cite web
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| - | |url=http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/WO0309/S00048.htm
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| - | |title=‘Orr Panel’ Finds Decades Israeli Discrimination
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| - | |date=2003-09-04
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| - | |publisher = [[scoop.co.nz]]
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| - | |accessdate=2011-04-29
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| - | }}
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| - | == Примечания ==
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| - | <references />
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| - | [[Category:Черновые материалы для работы]]
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