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| + | #redirect [[:ej:Вади Ара]] |
| - | {{For|the former village in Palestine|Wadi Ara (village)}}
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| - | '''Wadi Ara''' or '''Nahal Iron''' ({{lang-ar|وادي عارة}}, {{lang-he|נחל עירון, ואדי עארה}}), refers to an area within [[Israel]] that is mostly populated by [[Arab citizens of Israel|Arab]]s. It is located northwest of the [[Green Line (Israel)|Green Line]] and is mostly within Israel's [[Haifa District]]. Today, [[Highway 65 (Israel)|Highway 65]] runs through the wadi.
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| - | ==Geography==
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| - | Wadi Ara is a 20 km [[Wadi]] in northern Israel, that begins at the meeting point of [[Samaria]], the [[Plain of Manasseh]], and the [[Sharon Plain]]. The riverbed begins near [[Umm al-Fahm]], and runs SW on the boundary between the Manasseh hills and the Umm al-Fahm hills. Approximately 1 km west of the Border Patrol intersection on Highway 65, the wadi opens into the Sharon plain, and becomes a tributary of the [[Hadera Stream]], south of [[Talmei Elazar]] and north of [[Tel Zeror]].
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| - | ==History==
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| - | Wadi Ara is an ancient historical route connecting the [[Israeli coastal plain]] with the [[Jezreel Valley]].
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| - | In the Late [[Bronze Age]], the Egyptian king, [[Thutmose III]], is known to have used the route, then called ''Aruna'', to surprise his enemies, and take control of [[Megiddo]]. According to information from a stela from [[Armant]] - the king of [[Kadesh]] advanced his army to Megiddo.<ref name="Redford 157"/> Thutmose III mustered his own army and departed Egypt, passing through the border fortress of [[Zarw|Tjaru]] (Sile).<ref name="Steindorff 53">Steindorff, George; and Seele, Keith. When Egypt Ruled the East. p.53-4. University of Chicago, 1942.</ref> Thutmose marched his troops through the coastal plain as far as [[Yavne|Jamnia]], then inland to Yehem, a small city near Megiddo.<ref name="Steindorff 53"/> The ensuing [[Battle of Megiddo (15th century BC)|Battle of Megiddo]] probably was the largest battle in any of Thutmose's seventeen campaigns.<ref name="Redford 157">Redford, Donald B. ''Egypt, Canaan, and Israel in Ancient Times.'' p. 156-7. Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ, 1992.</ref> A ridge of mountains jutting inland from [[Mount Carmel]] stood between Thutmose and Megiddo, and he had three potential routes to take.<ref name="Redford 157"/> The northern route and the southern route, both of which went around the mountain, were judged by his council of war to be the safest, but Thutmose, in an act of great bravery (or so he boasts, but such self-praise is normal in Egyptian texts), accused the council of cowardice and took a dangerous route<ref name="Steindorff 53"/> through the ''Aruna'' mountain pass, which he alleged was only wide enough for the army to pass "horse after horse and man after man."<ref name="Steindorff 53"/>
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| - | Originally captured by Arab League forces (Iraqi) in the [[1948 Arab-Israeli War]], it was ceded to Israel in an apparent exchange for territory south of [[Hebron]] in the [[1949 Armistice Agreements#With Jordan|1949 Israel-Jordan armistice]]. In March 1949 as the Iraqi forces withdrew from Palestine and handed over their positions to the smaller Jordanian legion, 3 Israeli brigades moved into positions in Operation ''Shin-Tav-Shin''. Following the operation, Israel renegotiated the cease fire line in the Wadi Ara area of the Northern West Bank in an agreement reached on 23 March 1949 and incorporated into the General Armistice Agreement. It has been estimated that 15 villages were ceded to Israel.<ref>The Politics of Partition; King Abdullah, The Zionists, and Palestine 1921-1951 Avi Shlaim Oxford University Press Revised Edition 2004 ISBN 019829459-x pp. 299, 312</ref>
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| - | ==Proposed Land Exchange==
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| - | {{main|Lieberman Plan}}
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| - | The area has come under political attention as some [[Politics of Israel|Israeli politician]]s such as [[Avigdor Lieberman]] of the [[Yisrael Beiteinu]] party have brought up [[Lieberman Plan|transferring the area]] to the sovereignty and administration of the [[Palestinian Authority]] for a future [[Palestinian State]]. In return the Palestinian Authority would transfer specific large [[Israeli settlement]] "blocs" within the [[West Bank]] east of the Green Line to the Israel. According to politicians who support this land-swap, Israel would ensure and secure itself as a primarily [[Jewish state]]. However many politicians within the [[Knesset]] disagree and believe it would only decrease Israel's Arab population by a mere 10%, while most Israeli Arabs object to trading Israeli citizenship for Palestinian citizenship.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/23/opinion/23iht-eddromi.html Israeli Arabs and the vote] Uri Dromi</ref>
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| - | == Населённые пункты в Вади-Ара ==
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| - | === Древние ===
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| - | * [[Харошет hа-Гоим]] [[Ханаанеи|Ханаанейская]] крепость - место археологических раскопок.
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| - | === Арабские ===
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| - | * [[Aqqada]]
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| - | * [[Ar'ara]] ('Ara included in municipal borders)
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| - | * [[al-Arian (town)|al-Arian]]
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| - | * [[Baqa-Jatt]] (Merger of [[Baqa al-Gharbiyye]] and [[Jatt]])
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| - | * [[Basma]] (Merger of [[Barta'a|Barta'a West]], [[Ein as-Sahala]], and [[Muawiya (village)|Muawiya]])
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| - | * [[Buweishat]]
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| - | * [[al-Byar]]
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| - | * [[Dar al-Hanoun]]
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| - | * [[Ein Ibrahim]]
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| - | * [[Kafr Qara]]
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| - | * [[Khor Saqr]]
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| - | * [[Ma'ale Iron]] ([[Baiyada]], [[Musmus]], [[Zalafa]], [[Musheirifa]], [[Salim (town)|Salim]])
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| - | * [[Meiser]]
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| - | * [[Muallaqa]]
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| - | * [[Murtafi'a]]
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| - | * [[al-Shari'ah]]
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| - | * [[Umm al-Fahm]]
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| - | * [[Umm al-Qutuf]]
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| - | *[[Zemer]]
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| - | ===Jewish===
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| - | *[[Ein Iron]]
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| - | *[[Barkai]]
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| - | *[[Gan HaShomron]]
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| - | *[[Givat Oz]]
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| - | *[[Ma'anit]]
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| - | *[[Magal]]
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| - | *[[Maor]]
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| - | *[[Mei Ami]]
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| - | *[[Metzer]]
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| - | *[[Katzir-Harish]]
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| - | == См. также ==
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| - | * [[Арабы Израиля]]
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| - | * [[Треугольник арабских населённых пунктов в Израиле]]
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| - | * [[Шоссе 65 (Израиль)]]
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| - | == Источники ==
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| - | * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wadi_Ara Статья "Wadi Ara" в английском разделе Википедии]
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| - | == Примечания ==
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| - | {{reflist}}
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| - | {{coord|32|29|38.67|N|35|3|16.13|E|display=title|type:adm1st_region:IL}}
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| - | [[Category:География Израиля]]
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| - | [[Category:Народы Израиля]]
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| - | {{Israel-geo-stub}}
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